1679: Difference between revisions

1679 (MDCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1679th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 679th year of the 2nd millennium, the 79th year of the 17th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1670s decade. As of the start of 1679, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

• January 24 – King Charles II of England dissolves the "Cavalier Parliament", after nearly 18 years.^[1]
• February 3 – Moroccan troops from Fez are killed, along with their commander Moussa ben Ahmed ben Youssef, in a battle against rebels in the Jbel Saghro mountain range, but Moroccan Sultan Ismail Ibn Sharif is able to negotiate a ceasefire allowing his remaining troops safe passage back home.
• February 5 – The Treaty of Celle is signed between France and Sweden on one side, and the Holy Roman Empire, at the town of Celle in Saxony (now in Germany). Sweden's sovereignty over Bremen-Verden is confirmed and Sweden cedes control of Thedinghausen and Dörverden to the Germans.
• February 19 – Ajit Singh Rathore becomes the new Maharaja of the Jodhpur State a principality in India also known as Marwar, now located in Rajasthan state.
• March 6– In England, the "Habeas Corpus Parliament" (or "First Exclusion Parliament") is opened.^[1] It adjourns on May 27. On July 12, while in recess, the parliament is dissolved. by royal prerogative, to prevent it from passing a bill excluding the king's brother, the Catholic James, Duke of York, from the succession to the English throne, as part of the Exclusion Crisis.

• April 3 – Aurangazeb, the Muslim ruler of the Mughal Empire in India, decrees the imposition of the jizya, an annual tax upon non-Muslims under Mughal jurisdiction, primarily Hindus. The tax had been abolished by Aurangazeb's predecessor, Shivaji.
• April 8 – In the Italian region of Piedmont, a landslide causes the village of Bosia to sink into the ground and then get buried, killing 200 inhabitants. The village is then rebuilt at another site and continues to exist.
• April 10 – A total eclipse of the Sun takes place over North America, with its peak over the region occupied by the Lakota Sioux people in what is now South Dakota.
• May 27 – The Parliament of England passes the Habeas Corpus Act, "for the better securing the liberty of the subject" and then adjourns.^[1]
• June 1 – Battle of Drumclog: Scottish Covenanters defeat a small government force.
• June 4 – Armenia earthquake: A tremor with an estimated surface wave magnitude of 6.4 takes place, in the Yerevan region of the Persian Empire.
• June 22 – Battle of Bothwell Bridge, Scotland: Royal forces led by James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth and John Graham of Claverhouse subdue the Scottish Covenanters.

• July 12– In England, the "Habeas Corpus Parliament" (or "First Exclusion Parliament") is dissolved, while in recess, by King Charles II. The King exercises his royal prerogative of dissolution to prevent the parliament from passing a bill that would exclude non-Anglicans from the succession to the English throne, specifically the king's Roman Catholic brother, James, Duke of York, as part of the Exclusion Crisis.
• August 7 – The brigantine Le Griffon, commissioned by René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, is towed to the southern end of the Niagara River, to become the first ship to sail the upper Great Lakes.
• September 2 – The 8.0 M_w Sanhe-Pinggu earthquake devastates Beijing and Hebei in China with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X ("Extreme").
• September 18 – New Hampshire becomes a county of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
• November 27 – A fire in Boston, Massachusetts, burns all of the warehouses, 80 houses, and all of the ships in the dockyards.

• The Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal War (1679–84) begins with the Tibetan invasion of Ladakh.
• French explorer Daniel Greysolon, Sieur du Lhut, explores the Saint Louis River; the city of Duluth, Minnesota, will take its name from him.
• Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb reimposes jizya.
• Malpas Tunnel on the Canal du Midi in Hérault, France, Europe's first navigable canal tunnel, is excavated by Pierre-Paul Riquet (165 metres (541 ft), concrete lined).^[2]

• January 24 – Christian Wolff, German philosopher (d. 1754)
• March 18 – Matthew Decker, English merchant and writer (d. 1749)
• March 29 – Benedict Calvert, 4th Baron Baltimore, colonial governor of Maryland (d. 1715)
• May 29 – Antonio Farnese, Duke of Parma (d. 1731)
• August 16 – Catharine Trotter Cockburn, English novelist, dramatist, philosopher (d. 1749)
• August 22 – Pierre Guérin de Tencin, French cardinal (d. 1758)
• October 13 – Princess Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst, Duchess of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (d. 1740)
• October 16 – Jan Dismas Zelenka, Bohemian composer (d. 1745)
• October 18 – Ann Putnam, Jr., American accuser in the Salem witch trials (d. 1716)
• November 11 – Firmin Abauzit, French scientist (d. 1767)
• date unknown
  • James Erskine, Lord Grange, Scottish judge (d. 1754)
  • Francesco Zerafa, Maltese architect (d. 1758)

Jan Steen

Joost van den Vondel

Dorothy, Lady Pakington

Thomas Hobbes

Anne Geneviève de Bourbon

John Maurice

• January 1 – Jan Steen, Dutch painter
• January 8 – Raymond Breton, French missionary (b. 1609)
• January 14 – Jacques de Billy, French Jesuit mathematician (b. 1602)
• January 15 – Pierre Lambert de la Motte, French bishop (b. 1624)
• January 24
  • Ulderico Carpegna, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1595)
  • Maurice Henry, Prince of Nassau-Hadamar (1653–1679) (b. 1626)
• January 29 – Carlo Ceresa, Italian painter (b. 1609)
• February 5 – Joost van den Vondel, Dutch dramatist and poet (b. 1587)
• February 6 – Margherita de' Medici, Italian duchess regent of Parma (b. 1612)
• February 18 – Lady Anne Finch Conway, English philosopher (b. 1631)
• February 19 – Henricus Regius, Dutch philosopher (b. 1598)
• February 19 – Thomas Hales, Connecticut settler (b. 1610)
• February 22 – Henrik Rysensteen, Dutch military engineer (b. 1624)
• March 11
  • Sir John Covert, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1620)
  • Luise Marie of the Palatinate, German princess (b. 1647)
• March 16
  • John Leverett, Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony (b. 1616)
  • Johan Frederik von Marschalck, German-born landowner, Chancellor of Norway (b. 1618)
  • Johannes Schefferus, Alsatian-born humanist (b. 1621)
• March 27 – Abraham Mignon, Dutch golden age painter (b. 1640)
• April – Thomas Notley, Colonial governor of Maryland
• April 5 – Anne Geneviève de Bourbon, French princess and political activist (b. 1619)
• May 3 – James Sharp, Scottish archbishop (assassinated) (b. 1613)
• May 5 – Magnus Celsius, Swedish astronomer and mathematician (b. 1621)
• May 6 – Peregrine Hoby, English politician (b. 1602)
• May 10 – Dorothy, Lady Pakington, English religious writer (b. 1623)
• May 14 – August of Legnica, Silesian nobleman (b. 1627)
• May 26 – Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria (b. 1636)
• June 3 – Francisque Millet, Flemish-French painter (b. 1642)
• June 7 – Princess Christine Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg, German noblewoman (b. 1638)
• June 15 – Guillaume Courtois, French painter (b. 1628)
• June 27 – Pablo Bruna, blind Spanish composer and organist (b. 1611)
• July 4 – Antoine Garaby de La Luzerne, French poet (b. 1617)
• July 11 – William Chamberlayne, English poet (b. 1619)
• July 19 – Francis Anderson, English politician (b. 1614)
• July 26 – Edward Bayntun, English politician (b. 1618)
• August – Catherine Lepère, French midwife (b. 1601)
• August 6 – John Snell, English royalist (b. 1629)
• August 12 – Marie de Rohan, French courtier and political activist (b. 1600)
• August 20 – Jacob Alting, Dutch linguist (b. 1618)
• August 24 – Jean François Paul de Gondi, Cardinal de Retz, French churchman and agitator (b. 1614)
• August 28 – Alfonso Litta, Cardinal, Archbishop of Milan (b. 1608)
• August 29 – Margaret Mostyn, English Carmelite nun (b. 1625)
• September 9 – John Gurdon, English politician (b. 1595)
• September 11 – Nicolaes Visscher I (buried), Dutch engraver, cartographer and publisher (b. 1618)
• September 17 – John of Austria the Younger, Spanish general (b. 1629)
• September 25 – Philips Augustijn Immenraet, Flemish painter (b. 1627)
• September 29 – John Manners, 8th Earl of Rutland, English politician when he inherited the peerage (b. 1604)
• October 1 – Antonia of Württemberg, princess, literary figure, patron, and Christian Kabbalist (b. 1613)
• October 2 – Sir William Bowyer, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1612)
• October 3 – Hugh Bethell, English Member of Parliament and High Sheriff (b. 1615)
• October 12 – William Gurnall, English writer (b. 1617)
• October 26 – Roger Boyle, 1st Earl of Orrery, British soldier, statesman, and dramatist (b. 1621)
• November 11 – Rosina Schnorr, German businessperson (b. 1618)
• November 19 – Roger Conant, Massachusetts governor, founder of Salem, Massachusetts (b. 1592)
• November 27 – Archibald Primrose, Lord Carrington, Scottish judge (b. 1616)
• December 4 – Thomas Hobbes, English philosopher (b. 1588)
• December 10 – Francesco Barberini, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1597)
• December 20 – John Maurice, Prince of Nassau-Siegen (b. 1604)
• December 18 – John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duke of Brunswick-Calenberg (1665–1679) (b. 1625)
• December 21 – Claude Lamoral, 3rd Prince of Ligne, Spanish general and prince (b. 1618)
• December 28
  • Peder Winstrup, Bishop of Lund (b. 1605)
  • Andrzej Trzebicki, nobleman and priest in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (b. 1607)
• December 31 – Giovanni Alfonso Borelli, Italian physiologist and physicist (b. 1608)