閱

See also: 閲 and 阅

閱	U+95B1, 閱 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-95B1

← 閰
[U+95B0]

CJK Unified Ideographs

閲 →
[U+95B2]

Translingual

Traditional	閱
Shinjitai	閲
Simplified	阅

Han character

閱 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+7, 15 strokes, cangjie input 日弓金口山 (ANCRU), four-corner 7721₆, composition ⿵門兌)

Derived characters

𧀲𮆬

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1336, character 7
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41341
Dae Jaweon: page 1841, character 24
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4301, character 7
Unihan data for U+95B1

Chinese

trad.		閱/閲
simp.		阅

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (兌) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
毤	*l̥ʰoːds
蛻	l'oːds, l̥ʰoːds, hljods, lod, *lod
娧	l̥ʰoːds, lod
駾	*l̥ʰoːds
裞	l̥ʰoːds, hljods
兌	*l'oːds
綐	*l'oːds
銳	l'oːds, lods
帨	stʰods, hljods
稅	*hljods
說	hljods, hljod, *lod
涚	*hljods
䫄	*rtʰoːd
脫	l̥ʰoːd, l'oːd
侻	*l̥ʰoːd
挩	l̥ʰoːd, l'oːd
莌	l̥ʰoːd, l'oːd
梲	l̥ʰoːd, ʔljod, *l̥ʰuːd
鮵	*l'oːd
敓	*l'oːd
痥	*l'oːd
悅	lod, lod
閱	*lod

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lod) : semantic 門 + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yuè (yue⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄩㄝˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yue²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jyut⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): yot⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): yot⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ye̍t / ya̍t

(Meixian, Guangdong): yad⁶
Jin (Wiktionary): yeh⁴
Northern Min (KCR): ṳĕ
Eastern Min (BUC): iók
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): oa̍t / oat / ia̍t / iat / et

(Teochew, Peng'im): luag⁴ / luêg⁴ / ruag⁸ / luah⁸
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸yuq; ⁸yoq
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ye⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yuè
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yuè
  - Wade–Giles: yüeh⁴
  - Yale: ywè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yueh
  - Palladius: юэ (jue)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: yue²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ye
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ye²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jyut⁶
  - Yale: yuht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jyt⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yud⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːt̚²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: yot⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jᵘɔt̚³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: yot⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yɵt̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ye̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: ied
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yad⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯et̚⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ya̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iad
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yad⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯at̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yad⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /iat̚⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: yeh⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /yəʔ²/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ṳĕ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yɛ²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: iók
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yɔʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Changtai, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oa̍t
  - Tâi-lô: ua̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oat
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /uat̚⁴/
  - IPA (Changtai): /uat̚³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /uat̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Zhangpu): /uat̚¹⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /uat̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Hui'an)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oat
  - Tâi-lô: uat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oad
  - IPA (Hui'an): /uat̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ia̍t
  - Tâi-lô: ia̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iat
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɛt̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iɛt̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Yongchun)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iat
  - Tâi-lô: iat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iad
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an): /iɛt̚⁵/
  - IPA (Yongchun): /iɛt̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Hui'an)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: et
  - Tâi-lô: et
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ed
  - IPA (Hui'an): /et̚⁴/

Note:

oa̍t/oat - literary;
ia̍t/iat/et - colloquial.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: luag⁴ / luêg⁴ / ruag⁸ / luah⁸
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: luak / luek / jua̍k / lua̍h
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /luak̚²/, /luek̚²/, /d͡zuak̚⁴/, /luaʔ⁴/

Note:

luag4/luêg4/ruag8 - literary (luêg4 - Chaozhou; ruag8 - Chaoyang, Huilai);
luah8 - vernacular.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸yuq; ⁸yoq
  - MiniDict: yuih^入; yoh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵hhyq; ⁵hhioq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦyɪʔ¹²/, /ɦioʔ¹²/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: ye⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /y̯e̞²⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 閱
Mandarin	Beijing	/yɛ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/yɛ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ye⁵³/
	Jinan	/yə²¹/
	Qingdao	/yə⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/yɛ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/yɛ²¹/
	Xining	/yu⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ye¹³/
	Lanzhou	/yə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/yɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ye²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ye³¹/
	Guiyang	/ie²¹/
	Kunming	/iɛ³¹/
	Nanjing	/yeʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/yɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/yəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/yʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/yaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦioʔ¹/ /ɦyɪʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ɦyəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦyəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/jy²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/ue²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/yɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ye²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ye²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/yɵʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/iat̚⁵/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ʒet̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jyt̚²/
	Nanning	/yt̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/jyt̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/uat̚⁵/ /iat̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/yɔʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/uɛ²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/luak̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/zuak̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: ywet

Rime
Character	閱
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	薛 (82)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	弋雪切
Baxter	ywet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiuᴇt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/jʷiɛt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/juæt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jwiat̚/
Li Rong	/iuɛt̚/
Wang Li	/jĭuɛt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯wɛt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyut⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*lot/

(Zhengzhang): /*lod/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	閱	閱
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yuè	yuè
Middle Chinese	‹ ywet ›	‹ ywet ›
Old Chinese	/*lot/	/*lot/
English	count, sum up	inspect
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	閱
Reading #	1/1
No.	2576
Phonetic component	兑
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	悅
Old Chinese	/*lod/

Definitions

閱

(literary, or in compounds) to inspect; to examine; to review
閱兵／阅兵 ― yuèbīng ― to review troops
(literary, or in compounds) to read; to peruse
閱報／阅报 ― yuè bào ― to read newspapers
- 【批示】已閱，狗屁不通！大字報在地上貼就行了，不要發到天上去。 [MSC, trad.]
  【批示】已阅，狗屁不通！大字报在地上贴就行了，不要发到天上去。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 2006, 刘慈欣, 《三体》, page 125
  【 pīshì 】 yǐ yuè, gǒupìbùtōng! Dàzìbào zài dìshàng tiē jiù xíng le, bùyào fā dào tiānshàng qù. [Pinyin]
  Read. This is bullshit! Putting up dazibao on the ground is enough. Don't send it into space.
(literary, or in compounds) to experience; to go through
閱盡滄桑／阅尽沧桑 ― yuè jìn cāngsāng ― to have experienced all the vicissitudes of life
a surname: Yue

Synonyms

(to inspect): 查點／查点 (chádiǎn), 視察／视察 (shìchá)
(to experience):

edit

履歷／履历 (lǚlì) (literary)
涉歷／涉历 (shèlì) (literary)
經歷／经历 (jīnglì)
經驗／经验 (jīngyàn)
親自經受／亲自经受 (qīnzì jīngshòu)
閱歷／阅历 (yuèlì)

Compounds

傳閱／传阅 (chuányuè)
共閱／共阅
參閱／参阅 (cānyuè)
受閱／受阅 (shòuyuè)
大閱／大阅
審閱／审阅 (shěnyuè)
批閱／批阅 (pīyuè)
拜閱／拜阅
拆閱／拆阅
披閱／披阅 (pīyuè)
掘閱／掘阅
搜閱／搜阅
查閱／查阅 (cháyuè)
核閱／核阅
校閱／校阅 (jiàoyuè)
檢閱／检阅 (jiǎnyuè)
檢閱場／检阅场
簡閱／简阅
翻閱／翻阅 (fānyuè)
訂閱／订阅 (dìngyuè)
評閱／评阅 (píngyuè)
調閱／调阅 (diàoyuè)
貌閱／貌阅
賞閱／赏阅
贈閱／赠阅
選閱／选阅
閥閱／阀阅
閱世／阅世
閱兵／阅兵 (yuèbīng)
閱卷／阅卷 (yuèjuàn)
閱實／阅实
閱年／阅年 (yuènián)
閱歷／阅历 (yuèlì)
閱處／阅处
閱覽／阅览 (yuèlǎn)
閱讀／阅读 (yuèdú)
閱辦／阅办
點閱／点阅 (diǎnyuè)

Japanese

Shinjitai	閲
Kyūjitai	閱

Kanji

閱

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 閲)

to review manuscripts; to read attentively
to inspect; to censor; to review troops

Readings

On (unclassified): えつ (etsu)
Kun: けみする (kemisuru)

Usage notes

This character lacks JIS support and is not used in Japan. 閲 (U+95B2) is used instead.

Korean

Hanja

閱 (eumhun 검열할 열 (geomyeolhal yeol))

inspect

Vietnamese

Han character

閱: Hán Nôm readings: duyệt

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