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See also:
U+92FC, 鋼
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-92FC

[U+92FB]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+92FD]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 167, +8, 16 strokes, cangjie input 金月廿山 (CBTU), four-corner 87120, composition )

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1309, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40509
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1810, character 25
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4220, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+92FC

Chinese

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trad.
simp.
alternative forms
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Glyph origin

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Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *klaːŋ, *klaːŋs) : semantic (metal) + phonetic (OC *klaːŋ).

Etymology

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Along with (OC *klaːŋ, “hard, firm, stiff”), derived from the terminative of (OC *kaːs, “firm, solid, hard”), literally "having become solid, hard" (Schuessler, 2007).

For the identity of the unknown preinitial *C reconstructed by Baxter & Sagart (2014), compare the pre-syllable *t- of Proto-Vietic *t-kaːŋ, its reflex.

Pronunciation 1

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Note: gong3 - variant.
Note:
  • kǹg - vernacular;
  • kòng/kong - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (28) (28)
Final () (101) (101)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () I I
Fanqie
Baxter kang kangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kɑŋ/ /kɑŋH/
Pan
Wuyun
/kɑŋ/ /kɑŋH/
Shao
Rongfen
/kɑŋ/ /kɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kaŋ/ /kaŋH/
Li
Rong
/kɑŋ/ /kɑŋH/
Wang
Li
/kɑŋ/ /kɑŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kɑŋ/ /kɑŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
gāng gàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gong1 gong3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
gāng
Middle
Chinese
‹ kang ›
Old
Chinese
/*C.kˁaŋ/
English cast iron; steel

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 3715 3719
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*klaːŋ/ /*klaːŋs/

Definitions

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  1. steel
See also
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Compounds

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Descendants

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  • Classical Mongolian: ᠭᠠᠩ (ɣang)
  • Manchu: ᡬᠠᠨ (g'an)
  • Tai Nüa: ᥐᥣᥒ (kaang)
  • Proto-Vietic: *t-kaːŋ (via Old Chinese)
    • Middle Vietnamese:

Pronunciation 2

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Definitions

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  1. hard; strong; tough
  2. to sharpen; to whet; to strop

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: こう (, Jōyō)かう (kau, historical)
  • Kan-on: こう (, Jōyō)かう (kau, historical)
  • Kun: はがね (hagane, , Jōyō)

Etymology

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Kanji in this term
はがね
Grade: 6
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
刃金

(ha, blade) +‎ (kane, metal)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(はがね) (hagane

  1. steel (metal produced from iron)
    (はがね)のように(かた)い。
    Hagane no yō ni katai.
    Hard as steel.

Synonyms

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Korean

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Hanja

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(eumhun 강철/굳셀 (gangcheol/gutsel gang))

  1. hanja form? of (steel)
  2. hanja form? of (hard; strong)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: cương, gang, cang

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.