豺

See also: 犲

豺	U+8C7A, 豺 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8C7A

← 豹
[U+8C79]

CJK Unified Ideographs

豻 →
[U+8C7B]

Translingual

Han character

豺 (Kangxi radical 153, 豸+3, 10 strokes, cangjie input 月竹木竹 (BHDH), four-corner 2420₀, composition ⿰豸才)

Derived characters

𡺵

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1200, character 1
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36500
Dae Jaweon: page 1662, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3908, character 4
Unihan data for U+8C7A

Chinese

simp. and trad.		豺
alternative forms		犲𧆯

Wikipedia has articles on:

豺 (Wu)
豺 (Cantonese)
豺 (Written Standard Chinese^?)

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (才) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
茬	zraː, zraːʔ, ʔsrɯ, zrɯ
材	*zlɯː
才	zlɯː, zlɯːs
財	*zlɯː
鼒	zlɯː, ʔslɯ
在	zlɯːʔ, zlɯːs
豺	*zrɯː

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zrɯː) : semantic 豸 (“creature”) + phonetic 才 (OC *zlɯː, *zlɯːs).

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “link with Manchu "jar'hu"?”)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): chái (chai²)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄞˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cai²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): caai⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): cai³
Gan (Wiktionary): cai²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sài

(Meixian, Guangdong): sai²
Jin (Wiktionary): cai¹
Northern Min (KCR): cǎi
Eastern Min (BUC): chài
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): châi / chhâi / siâ / siâⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): cai⁵ / sai⁶
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶za
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zai²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chái
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄞˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chái
  - Wade–Giles: chʻai²
  - Yale: chái
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chair
  - Palladius: чай (čaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: cai²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cai
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰai²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: caai⁴
  - Yale: chàaih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsaai⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: cai⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːi̯²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: cai³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰai²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: cai²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰai²⁴/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sài
  - Hakka Romanization System: sai^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sai²
  - Sinological IPA: /sai̯¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: sai²
  - Sinological IPA: /saɪ¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: cai¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰai¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cǎi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: chài
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰai⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: châi
  - Tâi-lô: tsâi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zaai
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sai²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /t͡sai²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sai¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhâi
  - Tâi-lô: tshâi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhaai
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /t͡sʰai²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰai¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰai²³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siâ
  - Tâi-lô: siâ
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siaa
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /sia²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sia¹³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siâⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: siânn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sviaa
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /siã¹³/

Note:

Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou:
- châi/chhâi - literary;
- siâ - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: cai⁵ / sai⁶
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshâi / săi
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰai⁵⁵/, /sai³⁵/

Note:

cai5 - literary;
sai6 - vernacular.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶za
  - MiniDict: za^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³za
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /za²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: zai²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai̯¹³/

Middle Chinese: dzreaj

Rime
Character	豺
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	崇 (20)
Final (韻)	皆 (33)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	士皆切
Baxter	dzreaj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʒˠɛi/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖ͡ʐᵚæi/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʒɐi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖ͡ʐəɨj/
Li Rong	/d͡ʒɛi/
Wang Li	/d͡ʒɐi/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɖ͡ʐʱăi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chái
Expected Cantonese Reflex	caai⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤrə/

(Zhengzhang): /*zrɯː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	豺
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chái
Middle Chinese	‹ dzreaj ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]ˁrə/
English	wolf
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	豺
Reading #	1/1
No.	1066
Phonetic component	才
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	豺
Old Chinese	/*zrɯː/

Definitions

豺

dhole (Cuon alpinus)
- 豺祭獸，然後田獵。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  豺祭兽，然后田猎。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE
  Chái jì shòu, ránhòu tiánliè. [Pinyin]
  When the dhole sacrificed its prey, the hunting commenced.
豺狼 ― cháiláng ― the dhole and the wolf

豺狗 ― cháigǒu ― dhole

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 豺 (“dhole”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		豺
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		豺, 豺狗
Taxonomic name		豺
Northeastern Mandarin	Harbin	棒子狗
Lanyin Mandarin	Lanzhou	豺狼子, 豺狗子
Gan	Nanchang	豺狗
Gan	Pingxiang	豺狗
Hakka	Meixian	豺狗
	Yudu	豺狗
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	豺狗
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	豺狗
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	豺狗
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	豺狗
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	豺狗
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	豺狗
Huizhou	Jixi	豺狗
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	豺
Southern Min	Xiamen	豺狗
	Jinjiang	山狗
	Zhangzhou	山狗, 豺狗
Wu	Ningbo	豺狗
Wu	Wenzhou	豺狗
Xiang	Changsha	豺狗子
Xiangnan Tuhua	Jiangyong	豺狗

Usage notes

This canid is often misidentified as a jackal (胡狼) or a wolf (狼) by English translators (Schafer, 1991). Chinese translators also often use 豺 to translate "jackal".

Compounds

投畀豺虎 (tóubìcháihǔ)
虎豹豺狼 (hǔbàocháiláng)
虺豺 (huǐchái)
蜂目豺聲／蜂目豺声 (fēngmùcháishēng)
豺兕 (cháisì)
豺心
豺武
豺漆
豺牙 (cháiyá)
豺狗 (cháigǒu)
豺狼 (cháiláng)
豺狼塞路
豺狼成性
豺狼橫道／豺狼横道
豺狼當塗／豺狼当涂
豺狼當路／豺狼当路
豺狼當道／豺狼当道 (cháilángdāngdào)
豺狼虎豹 (cháilánghǔbào)
豺狼野心
豺獺／豺獭 (cháitǎ)
豺目
豺祭
豺節／豺节
豺羹 (cháigēng)
豺羽
豺聲／豺声
豺舅
豺虎 (cháihǔ)
豺虎窟
豺虎肆虐
豺虺
豺豕
豺貙／豺䝙
豺貪／豺贪
豺遘
豺鼠子
金豺 (jīnchái)
隆豺
騰豺／腾豺
骨瘦如豺 (gǔshòurúchái)
鳶肩豺目／鸢肩豺目 (yuānjiān cháimù)
鼠豺

Japanese

Kanji

豺

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: ぜ (ze)
Kan-on: さい (sai)
Kun: やまいぬ (yamainu)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 豺 (MC dzreaj). Recorded as Middle Korean 𧲣/싀 (suy) (Yale: suy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

豺

Wikisource

豺 (eumhun 승냥이 시 (seungnyang'i si))

hanja form^? of 시 (“dhole”)

Compounds

시랑 (豺狼, sirang)
시호 (豺虎, siho)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

豺: Hán Việt readings: sài (牀(sàng)皆(giai)切(thiết))^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]
豺: Nôm readings: sài^[1]^[3]^[5], rài^[4]^[5]

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

豺狼 (sài lang)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
^ Trần (2004).
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Bonet (1899).
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Génibrel (1898).
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

[tdcntd-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-2] Trần (2004).

[bonet-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Bonet (1899).

[genibrel-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Génibrel (1898).

[taberd-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]