要約
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See also: 要约
Chinese
[edit]important; vital; to want important; vital; to want; to be going to; must; demand; ask; request; coerce |
appointment; agreement; to arrange appointment; agreement; to arrange; to restrict; approximately; weigh | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (要約) | 要 | 約 | |
| simp. (要约) | 要 | 约 | |
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄠ ㄩㄝ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yaoyue
- Wade–Giles: yao1-yüeh1
- Yale: yāu-ywē
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iauiue
- Palladius: яоюэ (jaojue)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Verb
[edit]要約
Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄠˋ ㄩㄝ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yàoyue
- Wade–Giles: yao4-yüeh1
- Yale: yàu-ywē
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yawiue
- Palladius: яоюэ (jaojue)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɑʊ̯⁵¹ ɥɛ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Adjective
[edit]要約
Pronunciation 3
[edit]- Jin (Wiktionary): iau3 ieh4
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: iau3 ieh4
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /iau⁴⁵ iəʔ²/
- (Taiyuan)+
Verb
[edit]要約
Synonyms
[edit]- 估計／估计 (gūjì)
- 估量
- 假定 (jiǎdìng)
- 假想 (jiǎxiǎng)
- 假設／假设 (jiǎshè)
- 商量 (shāngliàng) (Classical Chinese)
- 嫌 (xián) (literary, or in compounds)
- 忖度 (cǔnduó) (literary)
- 思裁 (sīcái) (literary)
- 想象 (xiǎngxiàng)
- 懸／悬 (xuán) (literary, or in compounds)
- 懸想／悬想 (xuánxiǎng)
- 懷疑／怀疑 (huáiyí)
- 打估 (Southern Pinghua)
- 推想 (tuīxiǎng)
- 推測／推测 (tuīcè)
- 掠算 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 揣度 (formal)
- 擬／拟 (nǐ)
- 母量 (mu3 liong) (Gan)
- 派胚 (Hokkien)
- 測／测 (cè) (literary, or in compounds)
- 測估／测估 (cègū)
- 測度／测度 (cèduó)
- 測算／测算 (cèsuàn)
- 猜 (cāi)
- 猜度 (cāiduó)
- 猜想 (cāixiǎng)
- 猜摸 (cāimo)
- 猜料 (cāiliào)
- 猜測／猜测 (cāicè)
- 猜詳／猜详 (cāixiáng)
- 算 (suàn)
- 算計／算计 (suànjì)
- 約摸／约摸 (yuēmo)
- 臭疑 (Hokkien)
- 臭青疑 (Hokkien)
- 虛擬／虚拟 (xūnǐ)
- 設／设 (shè)
- 設想／设想 (shèxiǎng)
- 跋胚 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 辦胚／办胚 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 阿合 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
- 青疑 (Hokkien)
- 預計／预计 (yùjì)
Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 要 | 約 |
| よう Grade: 4 |
やく Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi | |
Etymology
[edit]/jeujaku/ → /joːjaku/
From Middle Chinese 要約 (MC 'jiew|'jiewH 'jiewH|'jak, “important bond or agreement”). Compare modern Mandarin reading yāoyuē.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Verb
[edit]要約する • (yōyaku suru) ←えうやく (euyaku)?transitive suru (stem 要約し (yōyaku shi), past 要約した (yōyaku shita))
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "要約する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 要約し | ようやくし | yōyaku shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 要約し | ようやくし | yōyaku shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 要約する | ようやくする | yōyaku suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 要約する | ようやくする | yōyaku suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 要約すれ | ようやくすれ | yōyaku sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 要約せよ¹ 要約しろ² |
ようやくせよ¹ ようやくしろ² |
yōyaku seyo¹ yōyaku shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 要約される | ようやくされる | yōyaku sareru | |
| Causative | 要約させる 要約さす |
ようやくさせる ようやくさす |
yōyaku saseru yōyaku sasu | |
| Potential | 要約できる | ようやくできる | yōyaku dekiru | |
| Volitional | 要約しよう | ようやくしよう | yōyaku shiyō | |
| Negative | 要約しない | ようやくしない | yōyaku shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 要約せず | ようやくせず | yōyaku sezu | |
| Formal | 要約します | ようやくします | yōyaku shimasu | |
| Perfective | 要約した | ようやくした | yōyaku shita | |
| Conjunctive | 要約して | ようやくして | yōyaku shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 要約すれば | ようやくすれば | yōyaku sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Categories:
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
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- Mandarin verbs
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- Chinese terms spelled with 要
- Chinese terms spelled with 約
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- Japanese terms spelled with 要 read as よう
- Japanese terms spelled with 約 read as やく
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