聰明
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Chinese
[edit]quick at hearing; wise; clever quick at hearing; wise; clever; sharp-witted; intelligent; acute |
clear; bright; to understand clear; bright; to understand; next; the Ming dynasty | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (聰明) | 聰 | 明 | |
| simp. (聪明) | 聪 | 明 | |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): cung1 ming4
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): tuung1 men3
- Gan (Wiktionary): cung1 min
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): chŭng-mìng
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien, POJ): chhong-bêng / chhang-miâ
- (Teochew, Peng'im): cong1 mêng5
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1tshon-min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄥ ㄇㄧㄥˊ → ㄘㄨㄥ ˙ㄇㄧㄥ (toneless final syllable variant)
- Tongyong Pinyin: congmi̊ng
- Wade–Giles: tsʻung1-ming5
- Yale: tsūng-ming
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsong.ming
- Palladius: цунмин (cunmin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/ → /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ miŋ²/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: цунмин (cunmin, I-I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰuŋ²⁴ miŋ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: cung1 ming4
- Yale: chūng mìhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsung1 ming4
- Guangdong Romanization: cung1 ming4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: tuung1 men3
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɵŋ³³ ᵐben²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: cung1 min
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰuŋ⁴² min²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhûng-mìn
- Hakka Romanization System: cungˊ minˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: cung1 min2
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuŋ²⁴ min¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chŭng-mìng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵ miŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhong-bêng
- Tâi-lô: tshong-bîng
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhongbeeng
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰɔŋ³³ biɪŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhang-miâ
- Tâi-lô: tshang-miâ
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhangmiaa
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² miã¹³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰaŋ³³ miã²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ miã²³/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ miã²⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² miã²⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: cong1 mêng5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshong mêng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰoŋ³³⁻²³ meŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Wu
Adjective
[edit]聰明
- clever; intelligent; smart; bright
- 一個雀 雀飛上坡 一個雀 雀飛下坡 三歲孩兒會唱歌 不是爹娘告訴我 是我自己聰明多 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 1921, James Hutson, Chinese Life in the Tibetan Foothills/Riddles and Ditties
- yī ge què, què fēi shàng pō, yī ge què, què fēi xià pō, sān suì hái'ér huì chànggē, bùshì diēniáng gàosù wǒ, shì wǒ zìjǐ cōngmíng duō [Pinyin]
- One little birdie flies up the hill, another little birdie flies down the hill; a three-year old child is able to sing, not what the parents teach it, but what natural wisdom prompts.
一个雀 雀飞上坡 一个雀 雀飞下坡 三岁孩儿会唱歌 不是爹娘告诉我 是我自己聪明多 [MSC, simp.]
- (archaic, of hearing and vision) sharp; keen; perceptive
Synonyms
[edit]- 乖巧 (guāiqiǎo)
- 了了 (liǎoliǎo) (literary)
- 伶俐 (línglì)
- 儇 (Wu, of a child)
- 奢遮 (Wu, of a child)
- 宿鬼 (Hokkien)
- 性靈／性灵 (xìnglíng) (literary)
- 敏慧 (mǐnhuì)
- 明慧 (mínghuì)
- 明智 (míngzhì)
- 機敏／机敏 (jīmǐn)
- 機智／机智 (jīzhì)
- 機穎／机颖 (literary)
- 機警／机警 (jījǐng)
- 機靈／机灵
- 活絡／活络 (Wu)
- 睿智 (ruìzhì)
- 穎異／颖异 (yǐngyì) (formal)
- 精濟／精济 (Hokkien, of a child)
- 精靈／精灵 (jīnglíng)
- 精齊／精齐 (Hokkien, of a child)
- 聰慧／聪慧 (cōnghuì)
- 聰敏／聪敏 (cōngmǐn)
- 聰穎／聪颖 (cōngyǐng) (formal)
- 英明 (yīngmíng)
- 調皮／调皮 (tiáopí)
- 靈／灵 (líng)
- 靈光／灵光 (6lin-kuaon) (Wu)
- 鬼 (guǐ) (informal)
Dialectal synonyms of 聰明 (“clever; intelligent; smart; bright”) [map]
Antonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 冰雪聰明／冰雪聪明 (bīngxuěcōngmíng)
- 小聰明／小聪明 (xiǎocōngmíng)
- 絕頂聰明／绝顶聪明
- 耳目聰明／耳目聪明
- 聰明一世，懵懂一時／聪明一世，懵懂一时 (cōngmíng yīshì, měngdǒng yīshí)
- 聰明一世，糊塗一時／聪明一世，糊涂一时 (cōngmíng yīshì, hútú yīshí)
- 聰明乖覺／聪明乖觉
- 聰明人／聪明人 (cōngmíngrén)
- 聰明伶俐／聪明伶俐 (cōngmínglínglì)
- 聰明反被聰明誤／聪明反被聪明误 (cōngmíng fǎn bèi cōngmíng wù)
- 聰明才智／聪明才智 (cōngmíngcáizhì)
- 聰明絕頂／聪明绝顶 (cōngmíngjuédǐng)
- 自作聰明／自作聪明 (zìzuòcōngmíng)
- 鬼聰明／鬼聪明
Descendants
[edit]Sino-Xenic (聰明):
- → Japanese: 聡明 (sōmei)
- → Korean: 총명(聰明) (chongmyeong)
- → Vietnamese: thông minh (聰明)
Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 聰 | 明 |
| そう Hyōgai |
めい Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi | |
Etymology 1
[edit]Adjective
[edit]聰明 • (sōmei) -na (adnominal 聰明な (sōmei na), adverbial 聰明に (sōmei ni))
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of 聰明
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 聰明だろ | そうめいだろ | sōmei daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 聰明で | そうめいで | sōmei de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 聰明だ | そうめいだ | sōmei da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 聰明な | そうめいな | sōmei na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 聰明なら | そうめいなら | sōmei nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 聰明であれ | そうめいであれ | sōmei de are |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 聰明ではない 聰明じゃない |
そうめいではない そうめいじゃない |
sōmei de wa nai sōmei ja nai |
| Informal past | 聰明だった | そうめいだった | sōmei datta |
| Informal negative past | 聰明ではなかった 聰明じゃなかった |
そうめいではなかった そうめいじゃなかった |
sōmei de wa nakatta sōmei ja nakatta |
| Formal | 聰明です | そうめいです | sōmei desu |
| Formal negative | 聰明ではありません 聰明じゃありません |
そうめいではありません そうめいじゃありません |
sōmei de wa arimasen sōmei ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 聰明でした | そうめいでした | sōmei deshita |
| Formal negative past | 聰明ではありませんでした 聰明じゃありませんでした |
そうめいではありませんでした そうめいじゃありませんでした |
sōmei de wa arimasen deshita sōmei ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 聰明で | そうめいで | sōmei de |
| Conditional | 聰明なら（ば） | そうめいなら（ば） | sōmei nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 聰明だったら | そうめいだったら | sōmei dattara |
| Volitional | 聰明だろう | そうめいだろう | sōmei darō |
| Adverbial | 聰明に | そうめいに | sōmei ni |
| Degree | 聰明さ | そうめいさ | sōmeisa |
Noun
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]- a male given name
Etymology 2
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]- a male given name
Korean
[edit]| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 聰 | 明 |
Noun
[edit]聰明 • (chongmyeong) (hangeul 총명)
- hanja form? of 총명 (“intelligence”)
Vietnamese
[edit]| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 聰 | 明 |
Adjective
[edit]聰明
- chữ Hán form of thông minh (“clever, intelligent, smart”).
Categories:
- Mandarin words containing toneless variants
- Chinese lemmas
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