羯
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]羯 (Kangxi radical 123, 羊+9, 15 strokes, cangjie input 廿手日心女 (TQAPV), four-corner 86527, composition ⿰羊曷)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 953, character 29
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28537
- Dae Jaweon: page 1398, character 19
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3136, character 10
- Unihan data for U+7FAF
Chinese
[edit]| trad. | 羯 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 羯 | |
Glyph origin
[edit]| Historical forms of the character 羯 | |
|---|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
|
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 愒 | *kʰaːds, *kʰrads, *kʰrad |
| 馤 | *qaːds |
| 靄 | *qaːds, *qaːd |
| 餲 | *qraːds, *qrads, *ɡaːd, *qaːd |
| 喝 | *qraːds, *qʰoːb, *qʰaːd |
| 揭 | *kʰrads, *ked, *kʰrad, *ɡrad, *kad, *ɡad |
| 偈 | *ɡrads, *ɡrad |
| 猲 | *kʰob, *qʰaːd, *qʰad |
| 葛 | *kaːd |
| 輵 | *kaːd |
| 獦 | *klaːd, *rab |
| 渴 | *kʰaːd, *ɡrad |
| 嵑 | *kʰaːd |
| 暍 | *qʰaːd, *qad |
| 曷 | *ɡaːd |
| 褐 | *ɡaːd |
| 鶡 | *ɡaːd |
| 毼 | *ɡaːd |
| 蝎 | *ɡaːd |
| 鞨 | *ɡaːd, *ɢljad |
| 遏 | *qaːd |
| 齃 | *qaːd |
| 堨 | *qaːd |
| 擖 | *kʰreːd, *kraːd, *r'aːb |
| 楬 | *kʰraːd, *ɡrad, *ɡad |
| 朅 | *kʰrad |
| 藒 | *kʰrad |
| 竭 | *ɡrad, *ɡad |
| 碣 | *ɡrad, *ɡad |
| 羯 | *kad |
| 鍻 | *kad |
| 歇 | *qʰad |
| 蠍 | *qʰad |
| 謁 | *qad |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kad) : semantic 羊 (“sheep; goat”) + phonetic 曷 (OC *ɡaːd).
Etymology
[edit]- “wether”
- Sino-Tibetan; cognate with 羖 (OC *klaːʔ, “(black) ram”), as well as Kinnauri [script needed] (kʰas), Chitkuli Kinnauri [script needed] (kʰa), [script needed] (kʰɘs, “sheep”) (Schuessler, 2007).
- Alternatively, Wang (1982) relates this word to 割 (OC *kaːd, “to cut”).
- “Jie people”
- Borrowed from Jie. Possibly of Yeniseian origin. Pulleyblank (1962) connects the ethnonym to Proto-Yeniseian *cewç (“stone”). Vovin et al. (2016) additionally proposes *keˀt (“person, human being”) as a possible etymon. This character was likely chosen to transcribe the indigenous name of the tribe for its pejorative meaning (ibid.).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): kit3 / git3
- Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): giad5
- Jin (Wiktionary): jieh4
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jié
- Wade–Giles: chieh2
- Yale: jyé
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jye
- Palladius: цзе (cze)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: kit3 / git3
- Yale: kit / git
- Cantonese Pinyin: kit8 / git8
- Guangdong Romanization: kid3 / gid3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰiːt̚³/, /kiːt̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: jieh4
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiəʔ²/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Southern Min
- Middle Chinese: kjot
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*kad/
Definitions
[edit]羯
- castrated buck caprid; wether
- Jie people (a small, extinct tribe that once lived in North China)
- (Hakka) to castrate; to neuter; to emasculate
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “羯”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]羯
- barbarian
- (more specifically) the Jie people, a certain tribe that lived to the north of China in antiquity (see Chinese 羯 (jié) for details)
Readings
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Compounds
- 羯鼓 (kakko, “a kind of two-headed tensioned drum”)
- 羯鼓舞 (kakkomai, “a dance in noh performed to the beat of a kakko drum”)
- 羯鼓物 (kakkomono, “the fourth act in a noh play, consisting of a kakko-mai dance”)
- 羯鼓踊 (kakko odori, “a kind of folk dance performed to the beat of a kakko drum”)
- 羯磨 (katsuma)
- 羯磨 (konma)
- 羯磨金剛 (konma kongō, “a Buddhist implement consisting of two vajra or dorje joined in the center to form a cross shape”)
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]羯 • (gal) (hangeul 갈, revised gal, McCune–Reischauer kal, Yale kal)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]羯: Hán Nôm readings: yết, khiết
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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- Hakka Chinese
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- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading けつ
- Japanese kanji with kan'yōon reading かつ
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