発条

Kanji in this term
発	条
ばね
Grade: 3	Grade: 5
jukujikun

Alternative spellings
發條 (kyūjitai) 撥条 (rare) 弾機 (rare)

Shift from 跳ね (hane, “jumping, springing”), the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 跳(は)ねる (haneru, “to jump, to spring”)..^[1][2][3]

First cited to 1888.^[3]

The kanji are jukujikun and not commonly seen in modern usage. This term is usually written in hiragana.

• (Tokyo) ばね [báꜜnè] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2][4]
• IPA^(key): [ba̠ne̞]

発条(ばね) • (bane) 

1. [from 1888] spring (device made of flexible material)
2. [from 1897] (by extension) springiness, bounce, resilience (such as physical or emotional)

   Synonym: 弾力性 (danryokusei)

   弾力(ばね)強(つよ)き心(こころ)の二(じ)郎(ろう)は...

   bane tsuyoki kokoro no Jirō ha

   Jirō of the heart of strong resilience → Jirō of the resilient heart...

3. [date uncertain] (uncommon, possibly dated, figurative) a springboard, spark, or catalyst leading to some other change

   住(じゅう)民(みん)運(うん)動(どう)がばねとなって基(き)地(ち)が撤(てっ)去(きょ)された

   jūmin undō ga bane to natte kichi ga tekkyo sareta

   With the protests by residents as the catalyst, the base was shut down

Kanji in this term
発	条
ぜんまい
Grade: 3	Grade: 5
jukujikun

Alternative spellings
發條 (kyūjitai) 撥条 (uncommon)

Shift in meaning from 薇 (zenmai, “Japanese flowering fern”), from the visual resemblance of a coiled clockwork spring to a coiled fern fiddlehead.^[5]

First cited to 1732.^[5]

• (Tokyo) ぜんまい [zèńmáí] (Heiban – [0])^[2][4][6]
• IPA^(key): [d͡zẽ̞mːa̠i]

発条(ぜんまい) • (zenmai) 

1. [from 1732] spring (device made of flexible material), specifically the spiral torsion kind commonly used in clockwork that is coiled into a disc shape like a fern fiddlehead

   Synonyms: 薇発条 (zenmai bane, literally “fiddlehead-fern spring”), 渦巻発条 (uzumaki bane, literally “whirlpool spring”)

   時計(とけい)のぜんまいが緩(ゆる)んだ

   tokei no zenmai ga yurunda

   the clock's spring wound down

2. [from 1812] (possibly dated) Short for 発条仕掛 (zenmai-jikake, “clockwork mechanism, clockwork”).

• 発条(ぜんまい)仕(じ)掛(かけ) (zenmai-jikake, “clockwork mechanism, clockwork”)
• 発条(ぜんまい)秤(ばかり) (zenmai-bakari, “spring scale”)

Kanji in this term
発	条
はつ Grade: 3	じょう Grade: 5
kan'on	goon

Alternative spelling
發條 (kyūjitai)

Appears to be a shift in reading of 発条 (bane), adopting the common on'yomi of the individual kanji characters. Possibly a learned borrowing from Chinese 發條／发条 (fātiáo).

First cited to 1879.^[7]

発 is a daiyōji replacing 撥

• (Tokyo) はつじょー [hàtsújóó] (Heiban – [0])^[2][4][6]
• (Tokyo) はつじょー [hàtsúꜜjòò] (Nakadaka – [2])^[2][4][6]
• IPA^(key): [ha̠t͡sɨʑo̞ː]

発(はつ)条(じょう) • (hatsujō) ^{←はつでう (fatudeu)?}

1. [from 1879] spring (device made of flexible material)
2. [from 1961] a motivation or catalyst leading to some other change