生物

Chinese

		to be born; to give birth; life to be born; to give birth; life; to grow; student; raw	thing; object; matter
simp. and trad. (生物)		生	物

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shēngwù

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄥㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sang¹ mat⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sên-vu̍t / sâng-vu̍t

(Meixian, Guangdong): sên¹ vud⁶ / sang¹ vud⁶
Eastern Min (BUC): sĕng-ŭk
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): seng¹ boh⁷ / seng¹ buoh⁷
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): seng-bu̍t / sng-bu̍t

(Teochew, Peng'im): sên¹ muêh⁸
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹sen-veq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shēngwù
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄥㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shengwù
  - Wade–Giles: shêng¹-wu⁴
  - Yale: shēng-wù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shengwuh
  - Palladius: шэнъу (šɛnʺu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ u⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sang¹ mat⁶
  - Yale: sāng maht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sang¹ mat⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: seng¹ med⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐŋ⁵⁵ mɐt̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sên-vu̍t / sâng-vu̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: sen^ˊ vud / sang^ˊ vud
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sen¹ vud⁶ / sang¹ vud⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /sen²⁴⁻¹¹ vut̚⁵/, /saŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ vut̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: sên¹ vud⁶ / sang¹ vud⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /sɛn⁴⁴ ʋut̚⁵/, /saŋ⁴⁴ ʋut̚⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sĕng-ŭk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛiŋ⁵⁵ ^(Ø-)ŋuʔ⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: seng¹ boh⁷ [Phonetic: seng⁵ moh⁷]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬɛŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ ^(p-)mɔʔ⁴/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: seng¹ buoh⁷ [Phonetic: seng⁵ muoh⁷]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬɛŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ ^(p-)muoʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seng-bu̍t
  - Tâi-lô: sing-bu̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sengbut
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² but̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ but̚⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² but̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sng-bu̍t
  - Tâi-lô: sng-bu̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sngbut
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sŋ̍³³ but̚²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sên¹ muêh⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: seⁿ mue̍h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sẽ³³⁻²³ mueʔ⁴/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹sen-veq
  - MiniDict: sen^平 veh
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹sen-veq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sən⁵⁵ vəʔ²¹/

Middle Chinese: sraeng mjut

Rime
Character	生	物
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)	物 (60)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	所庚切	文弗切
Baxter	sraeng	mjut
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠæŋ/	/mɨut̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚaŋ/	/miut̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃaŋ/	/miuət̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂaɨjŋ/	/mut̚/
Li Rong	/ʃɐŋ/	/miuət̚/
Wang Li	/ʃɐŋ/	/mĭuət̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʂɐŋ/	/mi̯uət̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shēng	wù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sang¹	mat⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*sreŋ C.mut/

(Zhengzhang): /*sʰleːŋ mɯd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	生	物
Reading #	1/3	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shēng	wù
Middle Chinese	‹ sræng ›	‹ mjut ›
Old Chinese	/sreŋ/ (MC srj- > sr-; or s.reŋ ?)	/*C.mut/
English	bear, be born; live	thing
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	生	物
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	11312	13218
Phonetic component	生	勿
Rime group	耕	物
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	生	物
Old Chinese	/*sʰleːŋ/	/*mɯd/

Noun

生物

(biology) organism; living being; lifeform (Classifier: 個／个)
biology (study of all life or living matter)

Synonyms

(organism):

edit

有機體／有机体 (yǒujītǐ)
機體／机体 (jītǐ)
活物 (huówù)
生物體／生物体 (shēngwùtǐ)

(biology): 生物學／生物学 (shēngwùxué)

Antonyms

死物 (sǐwù)

Adjective

生物

(attributive) biological; bio-

Derived terms

原核生物 (yuánhé shēngwù)
原生生物 (yuánshēng shēngwù)
古生物 (gǔshēngwù)
古生物學／古生物学 (gǔshēngwùxué)
寄生物 (jìshēngwù)
底棲生物／底栖生物
廣食性生物／广食性生物
微生物 (wēishēngwù)
海洋生物
浮游生物 (fúyóu shēngwù)
生物化學／生物化学 (shēngwù huàxué)
生物危害 (shēngwù wēihài)
生物危險／生物危险 (shēngwù wēixiǎn)
生物合成 (shēngwù héchéng)
生物因子
生物圈 (shēngwùquān)
生物地理學／生物地理学 (shēngwù dìlǐxué)
生物多樣性／生物多样性 (shēngwù duōyàngxìng)
生物學／生物学 (shēngwùxué)
生物工程 (shēngwù gōngchéng)
生物戰／生物战
生物時鐘／生物时钟
生物武器 (shēngwù wǔqì)
生物永生 (shēngwù yǒngshēng)
生物治療／生物治疗 (shēngwù zhìliáo)
生物潛能／生物潜能
生物界
生物相 (shēngwùxiāng)
生物科技 (shēngwù kējì)
生物群 (shēngwùqún)
生物群聚
生物能 (shēngwùnéng)
生物能源 (shēngwù néngyuán)
生物製劑／生物制剂 (shēngwù zhìjì)
生物質能／生物质能 (shēngwù zhìnéng)
生物量 (shēngwùliàng)
生物鐘／生物钟 (shēngwùzhōng)
生物防治 (shēngwù fángzhì)
生物降解 (shēngwù jiàngjiě)
生物降解性 (shēngwù jiàngjiěxìng)
生物降解能力 (shēngwù jiàngjiě nénglì)
生物電流／生物电流
生物食品
生物體／生物体 (shēngwùtǐ)
生物鹼／生物碱 (shēngwùjiǎn)
真核生物 (zhēnhé shēngwù)
非生物界
餌料生物／饵料生物

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (生物):

→ Japanese: 生物(せいぶつ) (seibutsu)
→ Korean: 생물(生物) (saengmul)
→ Vietnamese: sinh vật (生物)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
生	物
せい Grade: 1	ぶつ Grade: 3
on'yomi

生物 on Japanese Wikipedia

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) せーぶつ [séꜜèbùtsù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [se̞ːbɯ̟t͡sɨ]

Noun

生(せい)物(ぶつ) • (seibutsu)

an organism; a life form
Synonym: 生き物 (ikimono)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
生	物
なま Grade: 1	もの Grade: 3
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 生物 – see the following entry.

【なまもの】

[noun] raw / unprocessed food

Alternative spelling
生もの

(This term, 生物, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
生	物

Noun

生物 • (saengmul) (hangeul 생물)

hanja form^? of 생물 (“organism”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
生	物

Noun

生物

chữ Hán form of sinh vật (“organism”).

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]

Chinese

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Antonyms

Adjective

Derived terms

Descendants

Japanese

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

See also

Etymology 2

References

Korean

Noun

Vietnamese

Noun