狸

狸 U+72F8, 狸 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72F8 ← 狷 [U+72F7] CJK Unified Ideographs 狹 → [U+72F9]

狸 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 大竹田土 (KHWG), four-corner 4621₄, composition ⿰犭里)

• 𭉭, 䔆, 𮦦, 𩮞, 𢟆

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 711, character 29
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20427
• Dae Jaweon: page 1123, character 27
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1348, character 11
• Unihan data for U+72F8

trad.		狸/貍*
simp.		狸

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯ) : semantic 犬 (“dog”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ). Originally an unorthodox variant (俗字) of the character 貍 (lí).

Uncertain. Here some proposals:

• Fangyan [2] and Guo Pu consider it to be one among many dialectal words for 貔 (OC *bi), which however is a different word (Schuessler, 2007) (see there).

• Zhao & Huang (1998) (apud Schuessler, 2007) connects it to Hmong pli ~ ple "cat".

• Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs 貍 (OC *rə) from *pʰrə ~ *pʰə-rə and proposes possible Sino-Tibetan etymology and compares it to Mru pri (“a kind of leopard”) (see also Löffler, 1966); he also sees potential cognacy with Tibetan ཞི་མི (zhi mi), ཞིམ་བུ (zhim bu), ཞུམ་བུ (zhum bu) - all meaning "cat" - if those were from *ryi-mi; additionally, པི་ཤི (pi shi, “cat”) (< *zhi?) is possibly equivalent to Old Chinese dialectal forms with initial *pʰ- (e.g. 𧳏 (pī) < LHC *pʰiə < OC *pʰrə or 𧳏貍／𧳏狸 (pīlí)); in that case, the original Chinese word might have been a compound: 貔狸 "(large) cat and small cat"; even so, see 貔 (OC *bi) for possible Indic influence on Tibetan byi ~ pi (ibid.).

• STEDT reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-(l/r)e(y/ŋ) (“squirrel, weasel”) and proposes cognacy with 鼪 (OC *sreŋ, *sreŋs), Tibetan སྲེ་མོང (sre mong, “weasel”), Burmese ရှဉ့် (hrany., “squirrel”), etc.

狸

1. leopard cat

   • 子獨不見狸狌乎？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     子独不见狸狌乎？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE

     Zǐ dú bù jiàn lí shēng hū? [Pinyin]

     Have you not seen a wildcat or a weasel?

2. raccoon dog
3. (obsolete) cat

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. raccoon dog
2. wild cat

• Go-on: り (ri)
• Kan-on: り (ri)
• Kun: たぬき (tanuki, 狸)

Kanji in this term
狸
たぬき Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
貍

According to one theory, derived from 手貫 (tanuki, “arm glove, gauntlet”), which raccoon dog hide was sometimes used for.^[1]

• (Tokyo) たぬき [táꜜnùkì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2][3]
• IPA^(key): [ta̠nɯ̟kʲi]

狸(たぬき) or 狸(タヌキ) • (tanuki) 

1. a raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides

   Synonyms: マミ (mami), 狢 (mujina)

   • 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō:

     狸 兼名苑云狸［音𨤲和名太奴木］摶鳥為粮者也

     Raccoon dog: According to Jian Ming Yuan (兼名苑), raccoon dogs [read as 𨤲 (ri), native Japanese 太奴木 (tanuki)] always prey on birds.

   • 2020 March 21, Kazuki Nakashima, “Rabbit Town”, in BNA ビー・エヌ・エー [BNA], episode 2, spoken by Shirou Ogami (Yoshimasa Hosoya), Toho/Netflix:

     アライグマなら尻(しっ)尾(ぽ)にシマがある。どう見(み)でもタヌキだ。

     Araiguma nara shippo ni shima ga aru. Dō mi demo tanuki da.

     If you're a raccoon, you'd have stripes on your tail. No matter how you look at it, you're a raccoon dog.

2. (figurative) a person who pretends to be good but in fact is cunning (compare English sly fox)
   • 1717, Kokusen'ya gonichi gassen (jōruri), volume 3

     やいやい、其処(そこ)な狸(たぬき)め

     yai yai, soko na tanuki me

     Hey there, you sly dog!

3. Short for 狸饂飩 (tanuki-udon) and 狸蕎麦 (tanuki-soba): styles of various noodle dishes
4. (rare) Short for 狸寝入り (tanuki neiri): pretending to be asleep

   狸(たぬき)を決(き)め込(こ)む ― tanuki o kimekomu ― pretend to be a raccoon dog → feign sleep

5. (rare, obsolete) Short for 狸汁 (tanuki-jiru): a soup made from tanuki meat mixed with daikon, burdock root, etc.

• As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as タヌキ.

• 狸(たぬき)の睾(きん)丸(たま)八(はち)畳(じょう)敷(じき) (tanuki no kintama hachijōjiki)
• 同(おな)じ穴(あな)の狸(たぬき) (onaji ana no tanuki)
• 取(と)らぬ狸(たぬき)の皮(かわ)算(ざん)用(よう) (toranu tanuki no kawazan'yō)

• → English: tanuki, tanooki

Kanji in this term
狸
たたけ Hyōgai
irregular

Alternative spelling
狸毛

⟨tatake₂⟩ → */tatakəɨ/ → /tatake/

From Old Japanese.

• IPA^(key): [ta̠ta̠ke̞]

狸(たたけ) or 狸(たたげ) • (tatake or tatage) 

1. (archaic, obsolete) a raccoon dog
   • 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki:

     猫狸 [...] ニ又漢云野貍、倭言上尼古、下多〻既

     Cat and raccoon dog, [...] both of them are called 野貍 (yari) in Chinese; the former is called 尼古 (⟨neko₁⟩ → neko) while the latter is called 多〻既 (⟨tatake₂⟩ → tatake) in Japanese.

2. (archaic, obsolete) the hair of a raccoon dog, used for making brushes
   • 1445, Ainōshō, published 1446:

     タゝゲノ筆(フデ)ナンド云(イフ)。タゝ毛(ゲ)トハ。タヌキノ毛歟(ケカ)。狸(タヌキ)ノ字(ジ)ヲ。タゝゲトヨム

     Tatage no fude nando iu. Tatage to wa, tanuki no ke ka. Tanuki no ji o, tatage to yomu

     This is a so-called brush [made] of tatage. Tatage [spelled by the character 毛 meaning "hair"] might mean the hair of a raccoon dog. The 狸 character for "raccoon dog" is read as tatage.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Kanji in this term
狸
たのき Hyōgai
irregular

Cognate with tanuki above.

Considered to be a result of irregular apophony in the medieval times.^[4]

• IPA^(key): [ta̠no̞kʲi]

狸(たのき) • (tanoki) 

1. (dated, dialectal, Western Japan, chiefly Kansai) a raccoon dog
   • c. 1529, Mōgyūshō

     ししやたのきの様(やう)な人(ひと)でをり候(さうらう)ぞ

     Shishi ya tanoki no yō na hito de ori sōrō zo

     His personality is like a deer or raccoon dog, sir.

2. (dated, dialectal, Kansai) Short for 狸饂飩 (tanoki-udon) and 狸蕎麦 (tanoki-soba): styles of various noodle dishes

• 狐(けつね) (ketsune, “fox”, Kansai)

狸 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i)

1. (너구리 리, neoguri-): raccoon dog

• 山獺 (산달, sandal)

(Hyōgai kanji)

• Kun: たぬき (tanuki, 狸)

Attested in the 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”) as たぬき.^[1]

狸(たぬき) (tanuki) 

1. raccoon dog

狸: Hán Nôm readings: li

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.