焦

See also: 焳

焦	U+7126, 焦 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7126

← 焥
[U+7125]

CJK Unified Ideographs

焧 →
[U+7127]

Translingual

Han character

焦 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 人土火 (OGF), four-corner 2033₁, composition ⿱隹灬)

Derived terms

僬, 噍, 嫶, 嶕, 𢄺, 憔, 撨, 潐, 㺘, 𨖵, 𭧭, 樵, 燋, 膲, 𥛲, 𪽢, 瞧, 礁, 穛, 𧝈, 𥼚, 𦅃, 𦗠, 𦣳, 蟭, 譙(谯), 趭, 醮, 鐎(𨱓), 䩌, 𩏢, 𣟼, 𩴧, 𪆄
劁, 𨝱, 𣤚, 㲬, 顦, 鷦(鹪), 𨿈, 𨿞, 𭔓, 嶣, 蕉, 䆶, 癄, 𨶲(𨸋), 燞

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 674, character 6
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19119
Dae Jaweon: page 1086, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2212, character 1
Unihan data for U+7126

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 焦
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (焦) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
癄	*ʔsrews
焦	*ʔsew
蕉	*ʔsew
鷦	*ʔsew
僬	ʔsew, ʔsews, *zew
噍	ʔsew, zews
膲	*ʔsew
鐎	ʔsew, zew
蟭	*ʔsew
燋	ʔsew, ʔsewɢ
醮	*ʔsews
潐	*ʔsews
趭	ʔsews, zews, *lews
樵	*zew
譙	*zew
憔	*zew
劁	zew, zews
顦	*zew
嶕	*zew
撨	zew, seːw
穛	*ʔsreːwɢ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 隹 (“bird”) + 火 (“fire”).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		焦

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsjow (“to boil; to burn; to cook; to bake”). Cognate with Tibetan འཚོད ('tshod, “to cook”), Burmese ဆူ (hcu, “to boil”). Compare also the following Sinitic words (STEDT):

燋 (OC *ʔsew, *ʔsewɢ, “to roast, burn, scorch; torch”)
樵 (OC *zew, “to gather firewood; firewood; burn fuel”)
爝 (OC *ʔsewɢs, *ʔsewɢ, *zewɢ, “torch”)
竈 (OC *ʔsluːɡs, “stove, kitchen”)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): jiāo (jiao¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jiao¹
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ziu¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): diau¹
Gan (Wiktionary): jieu¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chêu

(Meixian, Guangdong): jiau¹
Jin (Wiktionary): jiau¹
Northern Min (KCR): ciáu
Eastern Min (BUC): ciĕu
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chiau / chau

(Teochew, Peng'im): ziao¹ / ziou¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹ciau
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ziau¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiāo
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiao
  - Wade–Giles: chiao¹
  - Yale: jyāu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiau
  - Palladius: цзяо (czjao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: jiao¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: giao
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiau⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ziu¹
  - Yale: jīu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dziu¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: jiu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: diau¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiau³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: jieu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiɛu⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chêu
  - Hakka Romanization System: zeu^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zeu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡seu̯²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: jiau¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡siau⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: jiau¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiau¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ciáu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siau⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ciĕu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sieu⁵⁵/

Note: literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiau
  - Tâi-lô: tsiau
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciaw
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siau⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siau³³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chau
  - Tâi-lô: tsau
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zaw
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sau⁴⁴/

Note: literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ziao¹ / ziou¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiau / tsiou
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siau³³/, /t͡siou³³/

Note:

literary;
ziao1 - Shantou;
ziou1 - Chaozhou.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹ciau
  - MiniDict: ciau^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹jiau
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕiɔ⁵³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: ziau¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /t͡si̯ɒu̯³³/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡ɕi̯ɒu̯³³/

Middle Chinese: tsjew

Rime
Character	焦
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	宵 (91)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	即消切
Baxter	tsjew
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡siᴇu/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡siɛu/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sjæu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡siaw/
Li Rong	/t͡siɛu/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭɛu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡si̯ɛu/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiāo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ziu¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*S.tew/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsew/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	焦	焦
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiāo	jiāo
Middle Chinese	‹ tsjew ›	‹ tsjew ›
Old Chinese	/*S.tew/	/*S.tew/
English	burn, scorch	Jiao (place name)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	焦
Reading #	1/1
No.	6341
Phonetic component	焦
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	焦
Old Chinese	/*ʔsew/

Definitions

焦

Synonyms

(burned): (Cantonese) 燶

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiāo (jiao¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ziu¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiāo
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiao
  - Wade–Giles: chiao¹
  - Yale: jyāu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiau
  - Palladius: цзяо (czjao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ziu¹
  - Yale: jīu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dziu¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: jiu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/

Definitions

焦

(physics) Short for 焦耳 (jiāo'ěr, “joule (energy unit)”).

Etymology 3

Possibly the same as etymology 1. However, Bodman (1980) relates it to Proto-Vietic *trawᴮ (“dry”).

Pronunciation

simp. and trad.		焦
alternative forms		乾／干燋凋礁灱 Teochew

Northern Min (KCR): diǎu
Eastern Min (BUC): dă
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ta / na

(Teochew, Peng'im): da¹

Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: diǎu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiau²¹/

Note: vernacular.

Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dă
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ta⁵⁵/

Note: vernacular.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ta
  - Tâi-lô: ta
  - Phofsit Daibuun: daf
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ta⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ta³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: na
  - Tâi-lô: na
  - Phofsit Daibuun: naf
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /nã⁴⁴/

Note:

vernacular;
na - only used in 干焦.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: da¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ta
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ta³³/

Note: vernacular.

Definitions

焦

(Min, Jianning Gan) dry
(Singapore Hokkien) cheers!

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 乾 (“dry”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		乾
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		乾
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	乾
	Taiwan	乾
	Malaysia	乾
	Singapore	乾
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	乾
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	乾
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	乾
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	乾
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	乾
	Wuhan	乾, 乾燥, 乾迸
	Guiyang	乾
	Guilin	乾
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	乾
	Yangzhou	乾
	Hefei	乾
Cantonese	Guangzhou	乾
	Hong Kong	乾
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	燥
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	燥
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	燥
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	乾
	Macau	乾
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	乾
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	乾
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	乾
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	乾
	Foshan	乾
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	乾
	Foshan (Shunde)	乾
	Foshan (Sanshui)	乾
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	乾
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	乾
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	乾
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	乾
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	乾
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	乾
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	乾
	Taishan	乾
	Kaiping (Chikan)	乾
	Enping (Niujiang)	乾
	Heshan (Yayao)	乾
	Dongguan	乾, 燥
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	乾
	Yangjiang	燥
	Singapore (Guangfu)	乾
Gan	Nanchang	乾
Hakka	Meixian	乾, 燥
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	乾
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	燥
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	燥
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	燥
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	燥
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	燥
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	燥
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	燥
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	燥
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	燥
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	燥
	Hong Kong	燥
Huizhou	Jixi	乾
Jin	Taiyuan	乾
Northern Min	Jian'ou	焦
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	焦, 乾
Southern Min	Xiamen	焦
	Quanzhou	焦
	Zhangzhou	焦
	Dongshan	焦
	Tainan	焦
	Penang (Hokkien)	焦
	Singapore (Hokkien)	焦
	Manila (Hokkien)	焦
	Chaozhou	焦
	Raoping	焦
	Shantou	焦
	Singapore (Teochew)	焦
	Wenchang	乾
	Qionghai	乾
	Singapore (Hainanese)	乾, 焦
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	乾
Wu	Shanghai	乾
	Shanghai (Chongming)	乾
	Suzhou	乾, 燥
	Danyang	乾
	Wenzhou	燥
Xiang	Changsha	乾
Xiang	Shuangfeng	乾, 燥

Dialectal synonyms of 乾杯 (“cheers!”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		乾杯
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	乾杯
	Taiwan	乾杯
	Harbin	乾杯
	Singapore	乾杯
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	乾杯
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	乾杯
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	乾杯
	Wanrong	乾杯
	Xining	乾杯, 乾杯子
	Xuzhou	乾了, 見底兒, 乾杯
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	喝淨, 乾杯
	Lanzhou	乾杯, 乾了
	Ürümqi	乾杯
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	乾杯, 乾了
	Wuhan	乾杯
	Guiyang	乾了, 喝乾, 見底
	Liuzhou	乾杯
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	乾杯
Cantonese	Guangzhou	飲杯, 飲勝, 乾杯
	Hong Kong	飲杯, 飲勝, 乾杯
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	飲勝
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	乾杯
	Macau	飲勝
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	乾杯, 飲勝
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	飲勝
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	乾杯, 飲勝
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	飲勝
	Foshan	飲勝
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	乾杯, 飲勝
	Foshan (Shunde)	飲勝
	Foshan (Sanshui)	飲勝
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	飲勝
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	飲勝
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	飲勝
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	飲贏佢
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	飲勝
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	飲勝
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	飲嗮佢
	Taishan	飲嗮佢, 飲勝
	Kaiping (Chikan)	飲應佢
	Enping (Niujiang)	飲嗮佢
	Heshan (Yayao)	飲勝
	Dongguan	飲勝, 勝
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	乾杯
	Shaoguan	乾杯, 飲勝
	Yunfu	飲勝
	Xinyi	乾杯
	Lianjiang	乾杯, 飲勝
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	飲勝
	Singapore (Guangfu)	飲勝
Gan	Lichuan	乾杯
Gan	Pingxiang	照杯
Hakka	Meixian	乾杯, 深飲, 盡盅
	Xingning	飲勝
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	乾杯
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	乾杯
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	乾杯
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	乾杯
	Yudu	乾杯
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	乾杯
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	乾杯
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	乾杯
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	乾杯
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	乾杯
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	乾杯
	Hong Kong	飲
	Senai (Huiyang)	飲勝
Huizhou	Jixi	乾杯
Jin	Taiyuan	乾杯
Jin	Xinzhou	乾杯
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	乾杯
Southern Min	Taipei	乾杯 GT, 乾 GT, 予焦啦 GT
	Penang (Hokkien)	飲勝
	Singapore (Hokkien)	焦, 予焦啦
	Chaozhou	乾杯
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	乾杯
	Leizhou	乾盅
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	乾
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	飲齊去
Wu	Shanghai	乾杯
	Shanghai (Chongming)	呷乾
	Suzhou	乾杯, 照面
	Hangzhou	乾杯
	Ningbo	碰杯
	Jinhua	乾杯
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

焦

(Jōyō kanji)

char
hurry

Readings

Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)^{←せう (seu, historical)}
Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)^{←せう (seu, historical)}
Kun: こげる (kogeru, 焦げる, Jōyō)、あせる (aseru, 焦る, Jōyō)、こがれる (kogareru, 焦がれる, Jōyō)、こがす (kogasu, 焦がす, Jōyō)、じれる (jireru, 焦れる)、じらす (jirasu, 焦らす)

Korean

Hanja

焦 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, Yale cho)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

焦: Hán Nôm readings: tiêu

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.