方針
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See also: 方针
Chinese
[edit]square; quadrilateral; place square; quadrilateral; place; region; direction; side; method; way; prescription; power; upright; just |
needle; pin; injection | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (方針/方鍼) | 方 | 針/鍼 | |
| simp. (方针) | 方 | 针 | |
Etymology
[edit]Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 方針 (hōshin).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄤ ㄓㄣ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fangjhen
- Wade–Giles: fang1-chên1
- Yale: fāng-jēn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fangjen
- Palladius: фанчжэнь (fančžɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: fong1 zam1
- Yale: fōng jām
- Cantonese Pinyin: fong1 dzam1
- Guangdong Romanization: fong1 zem1
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐm⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fông-chṳ̂m
- Hakka Romanization System: fongˊ ziimˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: fong1 zim1
- Sinological IPA: /foŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sɨm²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-cham
- Tâi-lô: hong-tsam
- Phofsit Daibuun: hongzafm
- IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ³³ t͡sam³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-chiam
- Tâi-lô: hong-tsiam
- Phofsit Daibuun: hongciafm
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siam⁴⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siam⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: huang1 zam1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huang tsam
- Sinological IPA (key): /huaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sam³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
Noun
[edit]方針
- policy (principle of behaviour expressed by a government or other authoritative body); guiding principle (Classifier: 個／个 m; 項／项 m)
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ 刘正埮, 高名凯, 麦永乾, 史有为, editors (1984), 汉语外来词词典 [A Dictionary of Loan Words and Hybrid Words in Chinese] (in Chinese), Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House, →OCLC, page 98
Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 方 | 針 |
| ほう Grade: 2 |
しん Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi | |
Etymology
[edit]方 (“direction”) + 針 (“needle”), another name for the 磁針 (jishin, “magnetic needle”), with the meaning figuratively extending to "guidance" in general.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- Synonym of 磁針 (jishin, “magnetic needle”)
- policy, course, plan
- どのような方針によるものなのですか？
- Dono yō na hōshin ni yoru mono na no desu ka?
- According to what plan has it been carried out?
- どのような方針によるものなのですか？
Derived terms
[edit]- 施政方針 (shisei hōshin)
Descendants
[edit]- → Chinese: 方針／方针 (fāngzhēn)[5]
- → Korean: 방침(方針) (bangchim)
- → Vietnamese: phương châm
References
[edit]- ^ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
- ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ 刘正埮, 高名凯, 麦永乾, 史有为, editors (1984), 汉语外来词词典 [A Dictionary of Loan Words and Hybrid Words in Chinese] (in Chinese), Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House, →OCLC, page 98
Korean
[edit]| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 方 | 針 |
Noun
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 方 | 針 |
Noun
[edit]方針
Categories:
- Chinese terms borrowed from Japanese
- Chinese orthographic borrowings from Japanese
- Chinese terms derived from Japanese
- Wasei kango
- Chinese terms borrowed back into Chinese
- Mandarin terms with audio pronunciation
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 方
- Chinese terms spelled with 針
- Chinese nouns classified by 個/个
- Chinese nouns classified by 項/项
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Elementary Mandarin
- zh:Business
- zh:Politics
- zh:Management
- Japanese terms spelled with 方 read as ほう
- Japanese terms spelled with 針 read as しん
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese compound terms
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Korean lemmas
- Korean nouns
- Korean nouns in Han script
- Korean hanja forms
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese nouns
- Vietnamese nouns in Han script
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán