攻擊

See also: 攻击 and 攻撃

Chinese

		to attack; to accuse; to study	to hit; to strike; to break
trad. (攻擊)		攻	擊
simp. (攻击)		攻	击

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gōngjī, gōngjí

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥㄐㄧ, ㄍㄨㄥㄐㄧˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gung¹ gik¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kûng-kit
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kong-kek / kong-kiak
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹kon-ciq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gōngjī
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥㄐㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gongji
  - Wade–Giles: kung¹-chi¹
  - Yale: gūng-jī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongji
  - Palladius: гунцзи (gunczi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    公積／公积
    公雞／公鸡
    功績／功绩
    攻擊／攻击
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gōngjí
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥㄐㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gongjí
  - Wade–Giles: kung¹-chi²
  - Yale: gūng-jí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongjyi
  - Palladius: гунцзи (gunczi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gung¹ gik¹
  - Yale: gūng gīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gung¹ gik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: gung¹ gig¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ kɪk̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kûng-kit
  - Hakka Romanization System: gung^ˊ gid^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gung¹ gid⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /kuŋ²⁴ kit̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-kek
  - Tâi-lô: kong-kik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kongkeg
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪk̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-kiak
  - Tâi-lô: kong-kiak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kongkiag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³ kiak̚⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹kon-ciq
  - MiniDict: kon^平 cih
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹kon-jiq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /koŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɪʔ²¹/

Middle Chinese: kuwng|kowng kek

Rime
Character	攻	攻	擊
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	冬 (5)	錫 (127)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I	IV
Fanqie	古紅切	古冬切	古歷切
Baxter	kuwng	kowng	kek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuŋ/	/kuoŋ/	/kek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kuŋ/	/kuoŋ/	/kek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kuŋ/	/koŋ/	/kɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəwŋ/	/kawŋ/	/kɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/kuŋ/	/koŋ/	/kek̚/
Wang Li	/kuŋ/	/kuoŋ/	/kiek̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kuŋ/	/kuoŋ/	/kiek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gōng	gōng	ji
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gung¹	gung¹	gik¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤoŋ kˤik/

(Zhengzhang): /*koːŋ|kuːŋ keːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	攻	擊
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gōng	jī
Middle Chinese	‹ kuwng ›	‹ kek ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁoŋ/	/*kˁik/
English	attack	strike (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	攻	攻	擊
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
No.	4027	4065	5632
Phonetic component	工	工	毄
Rime group	東	終	錫
Rime subdivision	0	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	公	攻	激
Old Chinese	/*koːŋ/	/*kuːŋ/	/*keːɡ/

Verb

攻擊

to attack; to assault
鯊魚攻擊／鲨鱼攻击 ― shāyú gōngjī ― shark attack

海上攻擊／海上攻击 ― hǎishàng gōngjī ― maritime attack
- 周文武所封子弟同姓甚眾，然後屬疏遠，相攻擊如仇讎。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  周文武所封子弟同姓甚众，然后属疏远，相攻击如仇雠。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
  Zhōu Wén Wǔ suǒ fēng zǐdì tóngxìng shèn zhòng, rán hòu shǔ shūyuǎn, xiàng gōngjī rú chóuchóu. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
to accuse; to charge; to vilify

Synonyms

(to attack):

edit

打擊／打击 (dǎjī)
抨擊／抨击 (pēngjī) (verbally or in writing)
搗／捣 (dǎo) (literary, or in compounds)
擊／击 (jī)
攻取 (gōngqǔ)
攻奪／攻夺 (gōngduó)
攻打 (gōngdǎ)
暴擊／暴击 (bàojī)
突擊／突击 (tūjī)
衝鋒／冲锋 (chōngfēng)
襲擊／袭击 (xíjī)
進擊／进击 (jìnjī)
進攻／进攻 (jìngōng)
開火／开火 (kāihuǒ) (figurative, verbally or in writing)

(to accuse):

edit

倚賴／倚赖 (Hokkien, Teochew)
彎鬱／弯郁 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
栽贓／栽赃 (zāizāng)
毀謗／毁谤 (huǐbàng)
污蔑 (wūmiè)
潑髒水／泼脏水 (pō zāng shuǐ) (figurative)
瘄污 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
詆毀／诋毁 (dǐhuǐ)
誣告／诬告
誣害／诬害 (wūhài)
誣捏／诬捏 (ŭ-niĕk) (Eastern Min)
誣枉／诬枉 (wūwǎng)
誣蔑／诬蔑 (wūmiè)
誣賴／诬赖 (wūlài)
誣陷／诬陷 (wūxiàn)
誹謗／诽谤 (fěibàng)
謠諑／谣诼 (yáozhuó) (literary)
讒害／谗害 (chánhài)
賴／赖 (lài)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “to attack”): 支援 (zhīyuán)

Derived terms

中間人攻擊／中间人攻击 (zhōngjiānrén gōngjī)
人身攻擊／人身攻击 (rénshēn gōngjī)
分散式阻斷服務攻擊／分散式阻断服务攻击 (fēnsànshì zǔduàn fúwù gōngjī)
字典攻擊／字典攻击 (zìdiǎn gōngjī)
攻擊性／攻击性 (gōngjīxìng)
攻擊者／攻击者 (gōngjīzhě)
洪水攻擊／洪水攻击 (hóngshuǐ gōngjī)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (攻擊):

→ Japanese: 攻撃(こうげき) (kōgeki)
→ Korean: 공격(攻擊) (gonggyeok)
→ Vietnamese: công kích (攻擊)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
攻	擊
こう Grade: S	げき Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

Noun

攻(こう)擊(げき) • (kōgeki)

Kyūjitai form of 攻撃: attack

Korean

Hanja in this term
攻	擊

Noun

攻擊 • (gonggyeok) (hangeul 공격)

hanja form^? of 공격 (“attack”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
攻	擊

Verb

攻擊

chữ Hán form of công kích (“to attack, to assault”).