富

See also: 冨

富	U+5BCC, 富 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BCC

← 寋
[U+5BCB]

CJK Unified Ideographs

寍 →
[U+5BCD]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

Stroke order (Japan)

富 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十一口田 (JMRW), four-corner 3060₆, composition ⿱宀畐)

Derived characters

𫣡, 𠾙, 𡡩, 𢠲, 𪷛, 𬁗, 𬋋, 䒇, 𣎬, 𧬙, 𨬬, 𩍏, 𫙻, 𪧰, 𪆠, 䔰, 𩯅, 𡬂

Related characters

冨 (Variant form)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 288, character 27
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7230
Dae Jaweon: page 571, character 22
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 942, character 4
Unihan data for U+5BCC

Chinese

simp. and trad.		富
2nd round simp.		𫲷
alternative forms		冨

Wikipedia has articles on:

富姓 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
富氏 (Cantonese)
Hù (biân-pêng) (Southern Min)

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 富
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (畐) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
富	*pɯɡs
輻	pɯɡs, pɯɡ
副	pʰɯɡs, pʰrɯɡ, *pʰɯɡ
褔	*pʰɯɡs
蔔	*bɯːɡ
匐	bɯːɡ, bɯɡ
逼	*prɯɡ
偪	prɯɡ, pɯɡ
幅	prɯɡ, pɯɡ
楅	prɯɡ, pɯɡ
湢	*prɯɡ
堛	*pʰrɯɡ
愊	*pʰrɯɡ
踾	pʰrɯɡ, brɯɡ, *pɯɡ
揊	*pʰrɯɡ
稫	*pʰrɯɡ
畐	pʰrɯɡ, bɯɡ
疈	*pʰrɯɡ
腷	*brɯɡ
鶝	brɯɡ, pɯɡ
福	*pɯɡ
蝠	*pɯɡ
葍	*pɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pɯɡs) : semantic 宀 + phonetic 畐 (OC *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ).

Etymology

Bodman (1980) compares it to Tibetan ཕྱུག (phyug, “rich; wealthy”), ཕྱུགས (phyugs, “all beasts that can be domesticated or subjugated by man; cattle”), but the vowels do not match with Chinese (Schuessler, 2007).

Sagart (1999) relates it to 寶 (OC *puːʔ), but see there for more. In later work, Sagart (2011b, 2017d) connects it to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *pʷak (“pig”), comparing the semantic development from “pig” to “rich” to Latin pecunia (“money”), which is derived from Latin pecu (“cattle; domestic animals”), and tentatively reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *C.pək (“pig”). However, the Tibeto-Burman word for “pig” is usually compared to 豝 (OC *praː, “sow”).

Cognate with 福 (OC *pɯɡ, “blessing”) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): fù (fu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fu⁴

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): фу (fu, III)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): fu³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): fu¹
Gan (Wiktionary): fu⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): fu

(Hailu, HRS): fu^ˇ

(Meixian, Guangdong): fu⁴
Eastern Min (BUC): hó / bó
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hù / pù

(Teochew, Peng'im): bu³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵fu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fù
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fù
  - Wade–Giles: fu⁴
  - Yale: fù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuh
  - Palladius: фу (fu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: fu⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu²¹³/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: фу (fu, III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fou⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: fu³
  - Yale: fu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fu³
  - Guangdong Romanization: fu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuː³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: fu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: fu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fu
  - Hakka Romanization System: fu
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /fu⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: fu^ˇ
  - Sinological IPA: /fu¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: fu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /fu⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hó / bó
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hou²¹³/, /pou²¹³/

Note:

hó - colloquial;
bó - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hù
  - Tâi-lô: hù
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hux
  - IPA (Taipei): /hu¹¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /hu⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /hu²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pù
  - Tâi-lô: pù
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pux
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /pu⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pu¹¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /pu²¹/

Note:

hù - literary;
pù - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: bu³
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pù
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu²¹³/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵fu
  - MiniDict: fu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²fu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /fu³⁴/

Middle Chinese: pjuwH

Rime
Character	富
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	方副切
Baxter	pjuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨu^H/
Pan Wuyun	/piu^H/
Shao Rongfen	/piəu^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puw^H/
Li Rong	/piu^H/
Wang Li	/pĭəu^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pi̯ə̯u^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fau³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pək-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*pɯɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	富
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fù
Middle Chinese	‹ pjuw^H ›
Old Chinese	/*pək-s/
English	rich; wealth
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	富
Reading #	1/1
No.	3372
Phonetic component	畐
Rime group	代
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	富
Old Chinese	/*pɯɡs/

Definitions

富

abundant; ample
rich; wealthy
wealth
to make rich; to make wealthy
a surname: Fu
(～縣) Fu County, Fuxian (a county of Yan'an, Shaanxi, China)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “rich”): 貧／贫 (pín)

Compounds

Descendants

→ English: Fu

References

“富”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

富

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Go-on: ふ (fu, Jōyō)
Kan-on: ふう (fū, Jōyō ^†)
Kun: とむ (tomu, 富む, Jōyō)、とみ (tomi, 富, Jōyō)

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
富
とみ Grade: 4
kun'yomi

富 on Japanese Wikipedia

連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 富(と)む (tomu, “to be rich”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) とみ [tóꜜmì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [to̞mʲi]

Noun

富(とみ) • (tomi)

wealth; fortune

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

富 (eumhun 부유할 부 (buyuhal bu))

hanja form^? of 부 (“wealth”)

Compounds

부자(富者) (buja, “rich person”)
부유(富裕) (buyu, “wealth”)

Old Japanese

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 富 (MC pjuwH).

Phonogram

富 (po₂)

Denotes phonographic syllable po₂.

Vietnamese

Han character

富: Hán Việt readings: phú^[1]^[2]^[3]
富: Nôm readings: phú^[1]^[3]^[4]^[5]

chữ Hán form of phú (“wealth”).

Compounds

富家 (phú gia)
富貴 (phú quý / phú quí)

References

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[tdcntd-2] 1.0 ^1.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-3] Trần (2004).

[bonet-4] 3.0 ^3.1 Bonet (1899).

[genibrel-5] Génibrel (1898).

[taberd-6] Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

[1]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

Related characters

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology

Pronunciation

Definitions

Antonyms

Compounds

Descendants

References

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

References

Korean

Hanja

Compounds

Old Japanese

Etymology

Phonogram

Further reading

Vietnamese

Han character

Compounds

References