孤獨

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See also: 孤独

Chinese

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lone; lonely
alone; independent; single
alone; independent; single; sole; only
 
trad. (孤獨)
simp. (孤独)
anagram 獨孤独孤

Pronunciation 1

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial () (28) (7)
Final () (23) (3)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () I I
Fanqie
Baxter ku duwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kuo/ /duk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/kuo/ /duk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/ko/ /duk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kɔ/ /dəwk̚/
Li
Rong
/ko/ /duk̚/
Wang
Li
/ku/ /duk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kuo/ /dʱuk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gu1 duk6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ ku › ‹ duwk ›
Old
Chinese
/*kʷˁa/ /*[d]ˁok/
English orphan alone; only

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 4347 11818
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kʷaː/ /*doːɡ/

Adjective

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孤獨

  1. lonely; lonesome; solitary; desolate
    孤獨終老孤独终老  ―  gūdú zhōnglǎo  ―  to die alone; to die a lonely death
    心底孤獨嘆息 [MSC, trad.]
    心底孤独叹息 [MSC, simp.]
    xīndǐ de gūdú hé tànxī [Pinyin]
    endless sighs from lonely souls
  2. isolated and helpless
Synonyms
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  • (lonely):
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Noun

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孤獨

  1. (Classical) people living in isolation without support (literally, orphans and childless old people)
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Derived terms

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (孤獨):

Pronunciation 2

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Adjective

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孤獨

  1. (Southern Min) unsociable

Japanese

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Kanji in this term

Grade: S
どく
Hyōgai
kan'on goon
For pronunciation and definitions of 孤獨 – see the following entry.
孤独こどく
[adjective] lonely
[noun] loneliness
[noun] solitude
(This term, 孤獨, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

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Hanja in this term

Noun

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孤獨 (godok) (hangeul 고독)

  1. hanja form? of 고독 (loneliness)
  2. hanja form? of 고독 (A childless old person.)