墳

See also: 坟

墳	U+58B3, 墳 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58B3

← 墲
[U+58B2]

CJK Unified Ideographs

墴 →
[U+58B4]

墳	U+FA7D, 墳 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA7D

← 塚
[U+FA7C]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

奄 →
[U+FA7E]

Translingual

Han character

墳 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 土十廿金 (GJTC), four-corner 4418₆, composition ⿰土賁)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 239, character 18
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5488
Dae Jaweon: page 479, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 485, character 6
Unihan data for U+58B3

Unihan data for U+FA7D

Chinese

trad.		墳
simp.		坟
alternative forms		坆

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 墳
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (奔) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
賁	prals, bɯl, pɯːn, bɯn
蟦	bɯl, bɯlʔ, *bɯls
膹	bɯlʔ, bɯnʔ
橨	bɯlʔ, bɯn
奔	pɯːn, pɯːns
錛	*pɯːn
噴	pʰɯːn, pʰɯːns, *pɯns
濆	pʰɯːn, bɯn
歕	pʰɯːn, pʰɯːns
獖	*bɯːnʔ
餴	*pɯn
饙	*pɯn
僨	*pɯns
墳	bɯn, bɯnʔ
燌	*bɯn
豶	*bɯn
羵	*bɯn
蕡	*bɯn
鐼	bɯn, hmɯns
馩	*bɯn
轒	bɯn, bɯnʔ
鼖	*bɯn
憤	*bɯnʔ
鱝	*bɯnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯn, *bɯnʔ) : semantic 土 + phonetic 賁 (OC *prals, *bɯl, *pɯːn, *bɯn).

Etymology

According to STEDT, possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-bʷam ~ s-bʷap (“to swell; swollen, fat, thick; rounded part, mountain, hill”); see 胖 (OC *pʰaːns, “fat (adjective)”) for more.

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): fén (fen²)

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄣˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fen²

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): фын (fɨn, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): fan⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): fun³
Gan (Wiktionary): fiin⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): pùn

(Meixian, Guangdong): fun²
Jin (Wiktionary): feng¹
Eastern Min (BUC): hùng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hûn / phûn

(Teochew, Peng'im): pung⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶ven
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fen²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fén
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fén
  - Wade–Giles: fên²
  - Yale: fén
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fern
  - Palladius: фэнь (fɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fən³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: fen²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fen
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fən²¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: фын (fɨn, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fəŋ²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: fan⁴
  - Yale: fàhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: fen⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐn²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: fun³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fun²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: fiin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɨn³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pùn
  - Hakka Romanization System: bun^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bun²
  - Sinological IPA: /pun¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: fun²
  - Sinological IPA: /fun¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: feng¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /fə̃ŋ¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hùng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hûn
  - Tâi-lô: hûn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: huun
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hun¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /hun²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun²³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phûn
  - Tâi-lô: phûn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phuun
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰun²³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pʰun²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: pung⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phûng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuŋ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶ven
  - MiniDict: ven^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³ven
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /vən²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: fen²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɸən¹³/

Middle Chinese: bjun

Rime
Character	墳
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	文 (59)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	符分切
Baxter	bjun
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨun/
Pan Wuyun	/biun/
Shao Rongfen	/biuən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bun/
Li Rong	/biuən/
Wang Li	/bĭuən/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯uən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fan⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*bɯn/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	墳
Reading #	1/2
No.	454
Phonetic component	奔
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	汾
Old Chinese	/*bɯn/

Definitions

墳

grave; mound (Classifier: 座)
(literary) embankment; raised bank
(literary) to bulge; to swell

Synonyms

(grave):

edit

墓葬 (mùzàng)
墳包／坟包 (fen² bao¹) (Sichuanese)
墳塚／坟冢 (fénzhǒng) (literary)
墳墓／坟墓 (fénmù)
宅兆 (zháizhào) (literary)
風水／风水 (Hakka, Hokkien, Teochew)

Dialectal synonyms of 墳 (“grave”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		墳墓, 墳
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	墳
	Harbin	墳
	Singapore	墓, 墳墓
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	墳
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	墳
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	墳, 墳地, 塋地, 墳墓
	Wanrong	墳, 墓
	Xi'an	墳, 墓
	Xuzhou	墳墓, 墳
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	墳塋
Lanyin Mandarin	Ürümqi	墳
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	墳, 墳墓
	Chongqing	墳, 墳墓
	Wuhan	墳
	Guiyang	墳, 墳墓 large
	Guilin	墳
	Liuzhou	墳, 山
	Dagudi (Maliba)	墳堆
	Reshuitang (Longling)	墳堆
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	墳堆
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	墳
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	墳
	Yangzhou	墳, 墳攤, 墳攤堆子
	Hefei	墳堰
Mandarin	Fuzhou (Qinjiang, Changle)	墳
Cantonese	Guangzhou	山墳, 山, 墳
	Hong Kong	山墳, 墳, 墓, 墳墓
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	墳頭
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	墳頭
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	墳頭
	Macau	墳墓
	Taishan (Guanghai)	墳墓
	Dongguan	墓
	Yangjiang	山, 墳山
	Maoming (Xinpo)	墳山
	Nanning	墳山
	Wuzhou	墳山
	Yulin	墳山
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	墳山, 山
	Hepu (Shatian)	山
	Beihai	墳, 山
	Beihai (Nankang)	墳
	Beihai (Yingpan)	山, 墳山
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	墳墓, 墳頭, 墳山
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	墳墓, 墳山
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	墳墓
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	山墳, 義山
	Singapore (Guangfu)	墳墓
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	山墳
	Móng Cái	墳墓
	Mandalay (Taishan)	墳山, 墳墓
Gan	Nanchang	墳
	Lichuan	墳, 墳塋 large
	Jianning	地
	Taining	地
Hakka	Meixian	地, 墓
	Xingning	泥壠 first burial, 地 second burial
	Huidong (Daling)	地
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	墳頭
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	地, 地墳
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	地
	Wengyuan	地墳
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	地
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	地 second burial
	Liannan	墳
	Jiexi	地
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	地
	Pinghe (Jiufeng)	地
	Changting	地
	Shanghang	地
	Longyan (Yongding)	地
	Wuping	地
	Wuping (Yanqian)	地, 死佬
	Wuping (Pingyu)	地
	Liancheng	地
	Ninghua	地
	Qingliu	地
	Yudu	地
	Ruijin	地, 風水
	Shicheng	地
	Shangyou (Shexi)	地
	Tonggu (Sandu)	墳, 地
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	地
	Dayu	地
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	風水
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	風水
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	風水
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	風水
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	風水
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	地, 風水
	Hong Kong	墳頭
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	山
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	山, 山頭
	Xinyi (Sihe)	山地
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	墳山
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	墳地
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	墳山
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	墳地
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	墳, 墳地
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	墳, 地 without a body buried
	Mengshan (Xihe)	墳地
	Luchuan	山
	Senai (Huiyang)	墳, 風水, 義山
	Senai (Hepo)	墳墓, 地 dated
	Singkawang	地, 地門堂
	Pontianak (Meixian)	地
Jin	Taiyuan	墳, 墓
Northern Min	Jian'ou	塚
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	塚
	Songxi	塚
	Zhenghe	塚
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	塚
	Jianyang	塚
	Wuyishan	塚
	Pucheng (Shibei)	塚
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	墓
	Fuzhou (Changle)	墓
	Lianjiang	墓
	Fuqing	墓
	Pingtan	墓
	Yongtai	墓
	Minqing	墓
	Gutian	地, 墓
	Pingnan	墓
	Luoyuan	墓
	Fu'an	墓
	Ningde	墓
	Xiapu	墓
	Zherong	墓
	Shouning	墓
	Zhouning	墓
	Fuding	墓
Southern Min	Xiamen	墓, 墓仔, 風水
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	墓
	Quanzhou	墓, 風水
	Jinjiang	墓
	Nan'an	墓
	Shishi	墓
	Hui'an	墓
	Anxi	墓
	Yongchun	墓
	Dehua	墓
	Zhangzhou	墓, 墓仔, 風水
	Zhangzhou (Longhai)	墓
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	墓
	Hua'an	墓
	Nanjing	墓
	Pinghe	墓仔
	Zhangpu	墓
	Yunxiao	墓
	Zhao'an	墓
	Dongshan	墓
	Tainan	墓, 風水
	Kinmen	墓
	Penang (Hokkien)	墓
	Singapore (Hokkien)	墓, 墓地, 公司山 dated
	Manila (Hokkien)	墓, 風水
	Longyan	墓
	Zhangping	墓
	Datian	墓
	Chaozhou	墳, 風水
	Lufeng	風水
	Haifeng	風水
	Bangkok (Teochew)	墳, 義山
	Chiang Mai (Teochew)	墳
	Hat Yai (Teochew)	墳
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	墳, 義山
	Singapore (Teochew)	墳
	Leizhou	墓
	Haikou	墓
Puxian Min	Putian	墓
Puxian Min	Xianyou	墓
Central Min	Yong'an	墳
	Sanming (Sanyuan)	墳
	Sanming (Shaxian)	墳
Shaojiang Min	Shaowu	墓
	Guangze	墓
	Jiangle	地
	Mingxi	地
	Shunchang	塚, 墳
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	墳墓, 山
Shehua	Fu'an	墓
	Fuding	墓
	Luoyuan	墳
	Sanming	墳
	Shunchang	墳
	Hua'an	墳
	Guixi (Zhangping)	墳
	Cangnan	墳
	Jingning (Hexi)	墳
	Lishui	墳
	Longyou	墳
	Chaozhou	墳
	Fengshun	墳
Wu	Shanghai	墳, 墳墓, 墓
	Shanghai (Chongming)	墳
	Suzhou	墳
	Danyang	墳墓
	Hangzhou	墳
	Ningbo	墳, 墓
	Wenzhou	墳
	Yiwu	墳頭
	Pucheng	墳
Xiang	Changsha	墳
	Loudi	墳, 墓
	Shuangfeng	墳, 墓
Xiangnan Tuhua	Jiangyong	祖

Compounds

Descendants

→ Zhuang: faenz

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fèn (fen⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄣˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fan⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fèn
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fèn
  - Wade–Giles: fên⁴
  - Yale: fèn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenn
  - Palladius: фэнь (fɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fən⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: fan⁵
  - Yale: fáhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fan⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: fen⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐn¹³/

Middle Chinese: bjunX

Rime
Character	墳
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	文 (59)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	房吻切
Baxter	bjunX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨun^X/
Pan Wuyun	/biun^X/
Shao Rongfen	/biuən^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bun^X/
Li Rong	/biuən^X/
Wang Li	/bĭuən^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯uən^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fèn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fan⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*bɯnʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	墳
Reading #	2/2
No.	467
Phonetic component	奔
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	憤
Old Chinese	/*bɯnʔ/

Definitions

墳

^† fertile

Pronunciation 3

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fèn (fen⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄣˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fèn
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fèn
  - Wade–Giles: fên⁴
  - Yale: fèn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenn
  - Palladius: фэнь (fɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fən⁵¹/

Definitions

墳

^† (of land) to bulge

References

“墳”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

墳

(Jōyō kanji)

Tomb

Readings

Go-on: ぶん (bun)、ぼん (bon)
Kan-on: ふん (fun, Jōyō)、ほん (hon)
Kun: はか (haka, 墳)、つつみ (tsutsumi, 墳)

Compounds

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 墳 (MC bjun).

Hanja

墳 (eumhun 무덤 분 (mudeom bun))

hanja form^? of 분 (“grave, mound”)
hanja form^? of 분 (“bulge”)