北京

		north	capital; Beijing (abbrev.)
trad. (北京)		北	京
simp. #(北京)		北	京
Literally: “northern capital”.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

北京

2. (～市) Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)

   中國的首都是北京。 [MSC, trad.]
   中国的首都是北京。 [MSC, simp.]

   Zhōngguó de shǒudū shì Běijīng. [Pinyin]

   The capital of China is Beijing.

   北京的春天很適合騎車逛衚衕。 [MSC, trad.]
   北京的春天很适合骑车逛胡同。 [MSC, simp.]

   Běijīng de chūntiān hěn shìhé qíchē guàng hútòng. [Pinyin]

   Beijing’s spring is very suitable for cycling around the hutongs.

   原諒我不能陪你去北京。 [MSC, trad.]
   原谅我不能陪你去北京。 [MSC, simp.]

   Yuánliàng wǒ bù néng péi nǐ qù Běijīng. [Pinyin]

   Forgive me for not being able to go with you to Beijing.

   • 這話本也出在本朝宣德年間，有一老者，姓劉，名德，家佐河西務鎮上。這鎮在運河之旁，離北京有二百里田地，乃各省出入京都的要路。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
     这话本也出在本朝宣德年间，有一老者，姓刘，名德，家佐河西务镇上。这镇在运河之旁，离北京有二百里田地，乃各省出入京都的要路。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]

     From: Feng Menglong, Stories to Awaken the World, 1627 CE

     Zhè huàběn yě chū zài běncháo Xuāndé nián jiān, yǒu yī lǎozhě, xìng Liú, míng Dé, jiā zuǒ Héxīwù zhèn shàng. Zhè zhèn zài yùnhé zhī páng, lí běijīng yǒu èrbǎi lǐ tiándì, nǎi gè shěng chūrù jīngdōu de yàolù. [Pinyin]

     This story took place during the Xuande era of the current dynasty. There was an elderly man named Liu De who resided in Hexiwu town. This town is located beside the canal, about 200 lis away from Peking, and serves as a crucial route for people traveling to and from the capital from various provinces.

   Synonyms: 北平 (Běipíng) (historical), 燕京 (Yānjīng) (historical)

3. (metonymically) Beijing (the government of the People's Republic of China)
4. (historical) northern capital
   1. [5th c. CE] Jiankang (capital of Liu Song dynasty)—in modern-day Nanjing, Jiangsu province
   2. [5th c. CE] Jingkou (birthplace of Liu Song dynasty)—in modern-day Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province
   3. [5th c. CE] Pingcheng (capital of Northern Wei dynasty)—in modern-day Datong, Shanxi province
   4. [8th–10th c. CE] Taiyuan Fu (birthplace of Tang dynasty and many subsequent states)—in modern-day Taiyuan, Shanxi province
   5. [11th c. CE] Daming Fu (visited by Emperor Zhenzong)—in modern-day Handan, Hebei province
   6. [12th c. CE] Shangjing Linhuang Fu (one of the capitals of Jin dynasty)—in modern-day Chifeng, Inner Mongolia
   7. [12th c. CE] Zhongdu (one of the capitals of Jin dynasty)—in modern-day Beijing
   8. [14th c. CE] Kaifeng Fu (Ming dynasty)—in modern-day Kaifeng, Henan province

• Modern sense since 15^th century (capital of Ming, Qing, ROC formerly and now PRC)
• The name was chosen by the Yongle Emperor to distinguish the city from 南京 (Nánjīng, “Nanjing; southern capital”).

• (Beijing): (historical) 北平 (Běipíng), (literary, or ironic, humorous) 帝都 (dìdū), (historical, archaic) 燕京 (Yānjīng)

Others:

• Other capitals in the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China: 南京 (Nánjīng) — 洛陽／洛阳 (Luòyáng) — 西安 (Xī'ān)
• Other directions: 南京 (Nánjīng, “southern capital”) — 東京／东京 (Dōngjīng, “eastern capital”) — 西京 (Xījīng, “western capital”)

Kanji in this term
北	京
ぺ Grade: 2	きん Grade: 2
tōon

Borrowed from English Peking, from the Nanjing court dialect Mandarin 北京 (Běijīng, literally “northern capital”), from before the modern palatalization of /k/ to /tɕ/.^[1] The kanji are an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 北京 (Běijīng). Compare Portuguese Pequim, Spanish Pekín, Dutch Peking, English Peking, French Pékin, German Peking, Russian Пекин (Pekin).

• (Tokyo) ペキン [péꜜkìǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]
• IPA^(key): [pe̞kʲĩɴ]

• Audio:

  (file)

北京(ペキン) • (Pekin) 

1. Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)

• 北(ペ)京(キン)語(ご) (Pekin-go)
• 北(ペ)京(キン)人(じん) (Pekin-jin)
• 北(ペ)京(キン)ダック (Pekin dakku)
• ペキニーズ (Pekinīzu)
• 南(なん)京(きん) (Nankin)
• トンキン (Tonkin)
• 東(とう)京(きょう) (Tōkyō)

Kanji in this term
北	京
ほく > ほっ Grade: 2	きょう Grade: 2
on'yomi

Compound of 北(ほく) (hoku, “north”) + 京(きょう) (kyō, “capital city”). Attested from the 13th century.^[3]

• (Tokyo) ほっきょー [hòkkyóó] (Heiban – [0])^[4]
• IPA^(key): [ho̞k̚ʲkʲo̞ː]

北(ほっ)京(きょう) • (Hokkyō) ^{←ほくきやう (Fokukyau)?}

1. (history) Kyoto the "Northern Capital", as opposed to Nara the "Southern Capital"

Hanja in this term
北	京

北京 • (Bukgyeong) (hangeul 북경)

1. hanja form^? of 북경 (“Beijing”)

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
北	京

北京

1. chữ Hán form of Bắc Kinh (“Beijing”).