勞動

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See also: 勞働, 労働, and 劳动

Chinese

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toil
to move; to change; to use
to move; to change; to use; to act
 
trad. (勞動) 勞 動
simp. (劳动) 劳 动
alternative forms 勞働 rare

Etymology

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Attestable in pre-Qin texts in the sense, "to do (physical) exercise" and "physical work; toil", and in literary Chinese as an expression of politeness.

Pronunciation 1

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Rime
Character 勞 動
Reading # 1/2 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 豪 (89) 東 (1)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 魯刀切 徒揔切
Baxter law duwngX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lɑu/ /duŋX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/lɑu/ /duŋX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/lɑu/ /duŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/law/ /dəwŋX/
Li
Rong 		/lɑu/ /duŋX/
Wang
Li 		/lɑu/ /duŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/lɑu/ /dʱuŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		láo dòng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		lou4 dung6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 勞 動
Reading # 1/2 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		láo dòng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ law › ‹ duwngX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r]ˁaw/ /*[Cə-m-]tˁoŋʔ/
English toil move

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 勞 動
Reading # 1/2 1/1
No. 7647 17449
Phonetic
component 		勞 重
Rime
group 		宵 東
Rime
subdivision 		1 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		勞 動
Old
Chinese 		/*raːw/ /*doːŋʔ/

Noun

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勞動

  1. physical work; toil
    熱愛勞動／热爱劳动  ―  rè'ài láodòng  ―  to love physical work
    勞動人民文化宮／劳动人民文化宫  ―  Láodòng Rénmín Wénhuàgōng  ―  Working People's Cultural Palace
  2. labor
    勞動仲裁／劳动仲裁  ―  láodòng zhòngcái  ―  labor arbitration
    勞動關係／劳动关系  ―  láodòng guānxì  ―  labor relations

Verb

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勞動

  1. to do physical work; to do manual labour; to toil
  2. to perform labor
  3. (archaic) to do physical exercise
Synonyms
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Derived terms

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (勞動):
  • → Japanese: 労働(ろうどう) (rōdō)
  • → Korean: 로동/노동(勞動) (rodong/nodong)
  • → Vietnamese: lao động (勞動)

Pronunciation 2

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Verb

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勞動

  1. (polite, colloquial, dated) to bother or trouble someone; to politely request someone to do something

Japanese

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Kanji in this term
勞 動
ろう
Hyōgai 		どう
Grade: 3
on'yomi

Noun

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勞(ろう)動(どう) • (rōdō) 

  1. Kyūjitai form of 労働: labour; labor

Verb

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勞(ろう)動(どう)する • (rōdō suru) suru (stem 勞(ろう)動(どう)し (rōdō shi), past 勞(ろう)動(どう)した (rōdō shita))

  1. Kyūjitai form of 労働: perform work, labor

Conjugation

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Conjugation of "勞動する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 勞動し ろうどうし rōdō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 勞動し ろうどうし rōdō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 勞動する ろうどうする rōdō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 勞動する ろうどうする rōdō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 勞動すれ ろうどうすれ rōdō sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 勞動せよ¹
勞動しろ² 		ろうどうせよ¹
ろうどうしろ² 		rōdō seyo¹
rōdō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 勞動される ろうどうされる rōdō sareru
Causative 勞動させる
勞動さす 		ろうどうさせる
ろうどうさす 		rōdō saseru
rōdō sasu
Potential 勞動できる ろうどうできる rōdō dekiru
Volitional 勞動しよう ろうどうしよう rōdō shiyō
Negative 勞動しない ろうどうしない rōdō shinai
Negative continuative 勞動せず ろうどうせず rōdō sezu
Formal 勞動します ろうどうします rōdō shimasu
Perfective 勞動した ろうどうした rōdō shita
Conjunctive 勞動して ろうどうして rōdō shite
Hypothetical conditional 勞動すれば ろうどうすれば rōdō sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

Korean

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Hanja in this term
勞動

Noun

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勞動 • (rodong) (hangeul 로동)

  1. hanja form? of 로동 (“labour ("North Korea")”)

Noun

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勞動 • (nodong) (hangeul 노동)

  1. hanja form? of 노동 (“labour ("South Korea")”)

Vietnamese

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chữ Hán Nôm in this term
勞動

Noun

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勞動

  1. chữ Hán form of lao động (“labour”).
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