乳

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乳 U+4E73, 乳
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E73
← 乲
[U+4E72] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 乴 →
[U+4E74]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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乳 (Kangxi radical 5, 乙+7, 8 strokes, cangjie input 月木山 (BDU), four-corner 22410, composition ⿰孚乚)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 84, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 190
  • Dae Jaweon: page 171, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 55, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+4E73

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 乳
alternative forms 奶 Eastern Min
𬂌 Eastern Min

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 乳
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
j25390
s08669
Transcribed ancient scripts
L34366
L14508
L14509
L14510
L14511
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (乳) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
啂 *noːʔ
乳 *njoʔ

Pictogram (象形) : A kneeling woman holding and breastfeeding a child. The woman resembles the character 母.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nəw.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • nĕng/nèng - colloquial;
  • ṳ̄ - literary.
Note: 6lu - younger speakers.
Rime
Character 乳
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 而主切
Baxter nyuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ȵɨoX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ȵioX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȵʑioX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ȵuə̆X/
Li
Rong 		/ȵioX/
Wang
Li 		/ȵʑĭuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ȵʑi̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		rǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyu5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 乳
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		rǔ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ nyuX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*noʔ/
English milk; nipple

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 乳
Reading # 1/1
No. 10868
Phonetic
component 		乳
Rime
group 		侯
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		乳
Old
Chinese 		/*njoʔ/

Definitions

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乳

  1. (literary) to breastfeed; to suckle
  2. breast; nipples
  3. milk; breast milk
    母乳  ―  mǔrǔ  ―  breast milk; mother's milk
    水乳交融  ―  shuǐrǔjiāoróng  ―  to get along well
  4. milk- or cheese-like substance
  5. newborn; young and small
    乳豬／乳猪  ―  rǔzhū  ―  suckling pig
  6. to multiply; to proliferate; to reproduce; to breed
  7. (Internet slang) Alternative form of 辱 (rǔ, “to insult, to humiliate”)

Synonyms

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  • (to breastfeed):
edit
  • (breast):
Dialectal synonyms of 乳房 (“breast”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 乳
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 乳房
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 咂兒, 咂咂兒, 咂兒咂兒, 媽媽, 奶膀子, 奶子, 㜷㜷
Taiwan 奶子, 咪咪 slang, 長輩 slang
Langfang 咂咂兒
Ulanhot 咂兒, 奶頭, 媽媽
Tongliao 咂兒, 奶頭
Chifeng 乳房
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 咂咂兒
Harbin 奶子, 奶膀子, 咂兒, 咂咂兒, 媽兒媽兒
Singapore 乳房
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 奶膀子
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 個個
Tangshan 悶兒
Cangzhou 媽媽
Baoding 媽媽
Shijiazhuang 媽媽
Jinan 媽媽, 奶
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 奶子
Qingdao 奶子
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 奶
Daming 媽媽
Wanrong 奶
Zhengzhou 媽
Xi'an 奶頭, 奶
Xining 奶頭
Xuzhou 媽媽
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 高高
Bayanhot 高高, 奶頭
Lanzhou 苶苶
Ürümqi 奶子, 高高
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 奶奶, 包子 humorous
Wuhan 媽, 媽媽, 奶
Guiyang 咪咪, 奶
Kunming 奶
Guilin 奶
Liuzhou 奶
Mae Salong (Lancang) 奶
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 奶
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 奶兒, 奶子
Yangzhou 奶子
Nantong 奶子
Hefei 奶頭
Chuzhou 媽頭子
Mandarin Nanping (Yanping) 奶奶
Cantonese Guangzhou 𢆡
Hong Kong 𢆡, 胸, 波, 車頭燈
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 媽仔
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 媽仔
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 𢆡姑
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 𢆡姑
Macau 奶
Guangzhou (Panyu) 𢆡, 奶
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 𢆡
Guangzhou (Conghua) 𢆡
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 𢆡
Foshan 𢆡
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 奶
Foshan (Shunde) 乳房
Foshan (Sanshui) 𢆡
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 𢆡
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 𢆡
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 𢆡, 呢仔
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 𢆡, 奄
Zhuhai (Doumen) 𢆡
Jiangmen (Baisha) 奶
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 𢆡
Taishan 𢆡
Kaiping (Chikan) 𢆡
Enping (Niujiang) 𢆡
Heshan (Yayao) 𢆡
Dongguan 𢆡, 奶
Shaoguan 奶
Yunfu 𢆡
Yangjiang 𢆡
Xinyi 𢆡
Nanning 奶
Wuzhou 奶
Yulin 𢆡
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 𢆡, 奶
Singapore (Guangfu) 波
Gan Nanchang 奶
Lichuan 奶
Pingxiang 奶
Hakka Meixian 奶菇, 奶牯
Xingning 奶菇, 奶
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 奶
Huiyang 奶菇
Huidong (Daling) 奶菇, 奶
Dongguan (Qingxi) 奶牯
Boluo (Bendihua) 奶
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 奶牯
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 奶
Wuhua (Huacheng) 奶菇
Heyuan (Bendihua) 奶
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 奶牯
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 奶
Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 奶牯
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 奶
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 奶房, 奶
Liannan 奶
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 奶
Jiexi 奶菇
Changting 奶
Wuping 奶菇
Wuping (Pingyu) 奶菇
Ninghua 奶菇
Yudu 奶
Ruijin 奶
Shicheng 奶菇, 奶
Shangyou (Shexi) 波
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 奶菇
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 奶菇
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 奶菇
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 奶菇
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 奶菇
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 奶
Hong Kong 奶菇
Luchuan 奶
Luchuan (Daqiao) 奶
Sabah (Longchuan) 奶
Senai (Huiyang) 奶菇
Singkawang 奶, 奶菇
Huizhou Jixi 奶, 奶脯
Shexian 奶, 媽
Huangshan (Tunxi) 奶
Jin Taiyuan 奶, 奶奶
Xinzhou 奶, 奶奶, 奶牛, 奶牛牛
Taibus (Baochang) 奶
Linhe 奶頭
Jining 奶
Hohhot 牛牛
Baotou 奶
Dongsheng 奶
Haibowan 奶頭
Zhangjiakou 媽媽
Handan 妹妹
Northern Min Jian'ou 奶, 奶脬, 奶座
Eastern Min Fuzhou 奶奶, 奶
Fuzhou (Changle) 奶奶
Fuqing 奶奶
Yongtai 奶
Gutian 奶
Fu'an 奶
Ningde 奶
Shouning 奶
Zhouning 奶
Fuding 奶
Southern Min Xiamen 奶, 奶仔
Quanzhou 奶, 奶仔
Zhangzhou 奶, 奶仔
Taipei 奶
New Taipei (Sanxia) 奶仔
Kaohsiung 奶
Yilan 奶
Changhua (Lukang) 奶
Taichung 奶
Taichung (Wuqi) 奶
Tainan 奶
Taitung 奶
Hsinchu 奶
Kinmen 奶
Penghu (Magong) 奶
Penang (Hokkien) 奶
Singapore (Hokkien) 奶, 奶仔, 奶奶
Manila (Hokkien) 奶仔
Pingnan (Shangdu) 奶
Chaozhou 奶
Shantou 奶
Jieyang 奶
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 奶
Singapore (Teochew) 奶
Wenchang 奶
Haikou 奶
Puxian Min Putian 奶
Xianyou 奶
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 𢆡
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 奶頭
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 奶
Wu Shanghai 奶, 奶奶
Shanghai (Chongming) 奶
Suzhou 奶奶
Danyang 奶奶
Hangzhou 奶奶
Ningbo 奶奶脯, 奶脯, 奶奶
Wenzhou 奶奶, 奶
Jinhua 奶, 奶窠
Xiang Changsha 奶子, 奶, 奶唧唧 childish, 唧唧 childish
Xiangtan 奶痣婆
Loudi 奶婆
Shuangfeng 奶婆
Hengyang 奶婆
Quanzhou 奶婆, 奶
  • (milk):
edit
  • 乳汁 (rǔzhī)
  • 唧唧 (ji4 ji4) (Xiang, childish)
  • 奶 (nǎi) (literary, or in compounds)
  • 奶唧唧 (lai3 ji4 ji4) (Xiang, childish)
  • 奶奶 (Sichuanese, childish in Cantonese, Wu, childish in Cantonese)
  • 奶子 (nǎizi) (dialectal, colloquial)
  • 奶水 (nǎishuǐ)
  • 奶汁 (nǎizhī)
  • (young and small): 幼小 (yòuxiǎo)
  • (to multiply):
edit

Compounds

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Japanese

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Shinjitai 乳
Kyūjitai
[1]
乳󠄁
乳+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
乳󠄃
乳+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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乳

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: にゅう (nyū, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: じゅ (ju)←じゆ (zyu, historical)
  • Kun: ち (chi, 乳, Jōyō)、ちち (chichi, 乳, Jōyō)
  • Nanori: ち (chi)

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
乳
ちち
Grade: 6
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

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Noun

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乳(ちち) • (chichi) 

  1. (dated) milk
  2. breast (of a woman, of a female mammal)
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • → Korean: 찌찌 (jjijji)

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
乳
ち
Grade: 6
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

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Noun

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乳(ち) • (chi) 

  1. (archaic) milk
  2. (archaic) breast
Derived terms
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References

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  1. ^ “乳”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 乳 (MC nyuX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᅀᅲᆼ〯 (Yale: zyǔ)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 졋〮 (Yale: cyés) ᅀᅲ〯 (Yale: zyǔ)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

乳 (eumhun 젖 유 (jeot yu))

  1. hanja form? of 유 (“breast”)
  2. hanja form? of 유 (“milk”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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乳: Hán Việt readings: nhũ[1][2][3]
乳: Nôm readings: vú[1][3][4], nhỏ[1][2], nhủ[1][2], nhũ[2][4], nhả[2], nhỗ[3], nhú[5]

  1. chữ Hán form of nhũ (“breast”).
  2. Nôm form of vú (“breast”).

Compounds

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
  5. ^ Hồ (1976).
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