しかり
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Japanese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 然り 爾り |
/ɕika ari/ → /ɕikari/
Contraction of earlier form shika ari, from しか (shika, “like so”) + あり (ari, “to be”, the classical copula), literally meaning to be like so, to be thus.[1][2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]しかり • (shikari) intransitive †-ri
- (formal) to be like so, to be thus
- 逆も然り
- gyaku mo shikari
- the reverse is also true; vice versa
- 逆も然り
Usage notes
[edit]Note that the 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”) and 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) are the same for rahen verbs: the classical and formal versions of modern ある (aru), おる (oru), and derivatives.
Conjugation
[edit]| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 然ら | しから | sikara | |
| Continuative (連用形) | 然り | しかり | sikari | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 然り | しかり | sikari | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 然る | しかる | sikaru | |
| Realis (已然形) | 然れ | しかれ | sikare | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 然れ | しかれ | sikare | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Negative | 然らず | しからず | sikarazu | |
| Contrasting conjunction | 然れど | しかれど | sikaredo | |
| Causal conjunction | 然れば | しかれば | sikareba | |
| Conditional conjunction | 然らば | しからば | sikaraba | |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 然りき | しかりき | sikariki | |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 然りけり | しかりけり | sikarikeri | |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 然りつ | しかりつ | sikaritu | |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 然りぬ | しかりぬ | sikarinu | |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 然りたり[1] | しかりたり | sikaritari | |
| Volitional | 然らむ | しからむ | sikaramu | |
| [1]Often proscribed due to a redundancy of having 2 あり. | ||||
Etymology 2
[edit]| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 叱り 叱 呵り 呵 |
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb しかる (shikaru, “to scold”), spelled with kanji as 叱る or 呵る (less common).