うらぐ
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Old Japanese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]The first two morae are ultimately from 心 (ura, “inner feelings”).[1][2][3][4]
Verb
[edit]うらぐ (uragu)
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | うらぐ |
| mediopassive | うらがす |
- be delighted
- 711–712, Kojiki:
- 故是須須許理、釀大御酒以獻。於是天皇、宇羅宜是所獻之大御酒而宇羅下三字以音御歌曰、[...]
- So this Susukori brewed grand saké and made an offering of it to His Majesty. Now the heart of heaven’s sovereign was uplifted by the grand saké presented to him, and he made a mighty song that said: [...]
Conjugation
[edit]| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | うらげ | urage | |
| Continuative (連用形) | うらげ | urage | |
| Terminal (終止形) | うらぐ | uragu | |
| Attributive (連体形) | うらぐる | uraguru | |
| Realis (已然形) | うらぐれ | uragure | |
| Imperative (命令形) | うらげよ | urageyo | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | うらげず | uragezu | |
| Contrasting conjunction | うらぐれど | uraguredo | |
| Causal conjunction | うらぐれば | uragureba | |
| Conditional conjunction | うらげば | urageba | |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | うらげき | urageki | |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | うらげけり | uragekeri | |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | うらげつ | uragetu | |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | うらげぬ | uragenu | |
| Perfect-continuative tense | うらげたり | uragetari | |
| Volitional | うらげむ | uragemu | |
References
[edit]- ^ “うらぐ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ^ “うらぐ”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen][2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Samuel E. Martin (1987) The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 779