ἀνήρ

From Proto-Hellenic *anḗr, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂nḗr. Cognates include Sanskrit नृ (nṛ́), नर (nára), and Old Irish nert.

In Epic poetry, the ἀ usually scans as long in the arsis of a foot.

ᾰ̓νήρ • (anḗr) m (genitive ᾰ̓νδρός); third declension

1. man (adult male)
2. husband
3. human being, as opposed to a god
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.28:

     τὴν δ’ ἠμείβετ’ ἔπειτα πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε

     tḕn d’ ēmeíbet’ épeita patḕr andrôn te theôn te

     Then the father of men and gods [= Zeus] answered her

   • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 6.10:

     ἀκίνδυνοι δ’ ἀρεταὶ
     οὔτε παρ’ ἀνδράσιν οὔτ’ ἐν ναυσὶ κοίλαις
     τίμιαι: πολλοὶ δὲ μέμνανται, καλὸν εἴ τι ποναθῇ.

     akíndunoi d’ aretaì
     oúte par’ andrásin oút’ en nausì koílais
     tímiai: polloì dè mémnantai, kalòn eí ti ponathêi.

     But excellence without danger is honored neither among men nor in hollow ships. But many people remember, if a fine thing is done with toil.

The word ἀνήρ may form a crasis with the definite article, resulting in ὁ (ho) and ἀνήρ merging. The Attic crasis is ᾱ̔νήρ (hānḗr) and the Ionic crasis is ὡνήρ (hōnḗr).

With ᾰ or in metric need ᾱ in poetry: e.g.
In Epic poetry, the vocative singular ἆνερ (âner) is used, for instance in Il. 24.725.

• γυνή (gunḗ, “woman, female, wife”)

• Greek: άνδρας (ándras)
• Mariupol Greek: а́ндра (ándra)

• ἄρσην (ársēn, “male”)

• “ἀνήρ”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
• “ἀνήρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἀνήρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἀνήρ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἀνήρ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ἀνήρ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• ἀνήρ in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• “ἀνήρ”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G120 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • consort idem, page 164.
  • husband idem, page 411.
  • man idem, page 510.
  • spouse idem, page 805.