गर्जति
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Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- গৰ্জতি (Assamese script)
- ᬕᬃᬚᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
- গর্জতি (Bengali script)
- 𑰐𑰨𑰿𑰕𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀕𑀭𑁆𑀚𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
- ဂရ်္ဇတိ (Burmese script)
- ગર્જતિ (Gujarati script)
- ਗਰ੍ਜਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌗𑌰𑍍𑌜𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
- ꦒꦂꦗꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
- 𑂏𑂩𑂹𑂔𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
- ಗರ್ಜತಿ (Kannada script)
- គជ៌តិ (Khmer script)
- ຄຣ຺ຊຕິ (Lao script)
- ഗര്ജതി (Malayalam script)
- ᡤᠠᡵᡯᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
- 𑘐𑘨𑘿𑘕𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
- ᠺᠠᠷᠽᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦰𑧈𑧠𑦵𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐐𑐬𑑂𑐖𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
- ଗର୍ଜତି (Odia script)
- ꢔꢬ꣄ꢙꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆓𑆫𑇀𑆘𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
- 𑖐𑖨𑖿𑖕𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
- ගර්ජති (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩞𑩼 𑪙𑩣𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚌𑚤𑚶𑚑𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
- க³ர்ஜதி (Tamil script)
- గర్జతి (Telugu script)
- ครฺชติ (Thai script)
- ག་རྫ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
- 𑒑𑒩𑓂𑒖𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨍𑨫𑩇𑨥𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-Aryan *gárȷ́ati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gárǰati, from Proto-Indo-European *gérh₂-ge-ti, from *gerh₂- (“to cry hoarsely”). Cognate with Lithuanian gìrgždėti (“to creak, squeak”), Old English cracian (whence English crack).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]गर्जति • (gárjati) third-singular indicative (class 1, type P, root गृज्)
Conjugation
[edit]Present: गर्जति (gárjati), गर्जते (gárjate) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active | Mediopassive | ||||||
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
Indicative | |||||||
Third | गर्जति gárjati |
गर्जतः gárjataḥ |
गर्जन्ति gárjanti |
गर्जते gárjate |
गर्जेते gárjete |
गर्जन्ते gárjante | |
Second | गर्जसि gárjasi |
गर्जथः gárjathaḥ |
गर्जथ gárjatha |
गर्जसे gárjase |
गर्जेथे gárjethe |
गर्जध्वे gárjadhve | |
First | गर्जामि gárjāmi |
गर्जावः gárjāvaḥ |
गर्जामः / गर्जामसि¹ gárjāmaḥ / gárjāmasi¹ |
गर्जे gárje |
गर्जावहे gárjāvahe |
गर्जामहे gárjāmahe | |
Imperative | |||||||
Third | गर्जतु gárjatu |
गर्जताम् gárjatām |
गर्जन्तु gárjantu |
गर्जताम् gárjatām |
गर्जेताम् gárjetām |
गर्जन्ताम् gárjantām | |
Second | गर्ज gárja |
गर्जतम् gárjatam |
गर्जत gárjata |
गर्जस्व gárjasva |
गर्जेथाम् gárjethām |
गर्जध्वम् gárjadhvam | |
First | गर्जानि gárjāni |
गर्जाव gárjāva |
गर्जाम gárjāma |
गर्जै gárjai |
गर्जावहै gárjāvahai |
गर्जामहै gárjāmahai | |
Optative/Potential | |||||||
Third | गर्जेत् gárjet |
गर्जेताम् gárjetām |
गर्जेयुः gárjeyuḥ |
गर्जेत gárjeta |
गर्जेयाताम् gárjeyātām |
गर्जेरन् gárjeran | |
Second | गर्जेः gárjeḥ |
गर्जेतम् gárjetam |
गर्जेत gárjeta |
गर्जेथाः gárjethāḥ |
गर्जेयाथाम् gárjeyāthām |
गर्जेध्वम् gárjedhvam | |
First | गर्जेयम् gárjeyam |
गर्जेव gárjeva |
गर्जेम gárjema |
गर्जेय gárjeya |
गर्जेवहि gárjevahi |
गर्जेमहि gárjemahi | |
Subjunctive | |||||||
Third | गर्जात् / गर्जाति gárjāt / gárjāti |
गर्जातः gárjātaḥ |
गर्जान् gárjān |
गर्जाते / गर्जातै gárjāte / gárjātai |
गर्जैते gárjaite |
गर्जन्त / गर्जान्तै gárjanta / gárjāntai | |
Second | गर्जाः / गर्जासि gárjāḥ / gárjāsi |
गर्जाथः gárjāthaḥ |
गर्जाथ gárjātha |
गर्जासे / गर्जासै gárjāse / gárjāsai |
गर्जैथे gárjaithe |
गर्जाध्वै gárjādhvai | |
First | गर्जानि gárjāni |
गर्जाव gárjāva |
गर्जाम gárjāma |
गर्जै gárjai |
गर्जावहै gárjāvahai |
गर्जामहै gárjāmahai | |
Participles | |||||||
गर्जत् gárjat |
गर्जमान gárjamāna | ||||||
Notes |
|
Descendants
[edit]- Magadhi Prakrit:
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀇 (gajjaï)
- Paisaci Prakrit:
- Pali: gajjati
- Sauraseni Prakrit:
- ⇒ Gujarati: ગરજવું (garajvũ)
- ⇒ Hindustani:
- ⇒ Maithili:
- ⇒ Old Marathi:
- Marathi: गरजणे (garajṇe)
- ⇒ Punjabi:
Further reading
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899) “गर्जति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 349, column 1.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “gárjati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Categories:
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit verbs
- Sanskrit class 1 verbs
- Sanskrit parasmaipada verbs
- Sanskrit terms belonging to the root गृज्
- Sanskrit verbs in Devanagari script