غش

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See also: عش

Arabic

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Root
غ ش ش (ḡ š š)
3 terms

Verb

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غَشَّ • (ḡašša) I (non-past يَغُشُّ (yaḡuššu), verbal noun غِشّ (ḡišš) or غَشّ (ḡašš))

  1. to act dishonestly toward someone
  2. to cheat, to cheat someone
  3. to adulterate, to dash
    • a. 1200, Dietrich, Albert, editor, Dioscurides triumphans. Ein anonymer arabischer Kommentar (Ende 12. Jahrh. n. Chr.) zur Materia medica. 1. Teil: Arabischer Text (Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen. Philologisch-historische Klasse; Folge 3, Nr. 172), Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, published 1988, →ISBN, page 171 lib. IV Nr. 169:
      الكشوث
      قال س: ويسمّى عندنا طنية تأويله قرّوعة،
      أقول: ولم يكن في الأمّ التي قرأنا فيها،
      قال ع: الكشوث هو صنف من أصناف الأفيثمون أو الأفيثمون صنف من أصناف الكشوث، فأمّا الفرق بينهما فهو أنّ الكشوث أكبر بزرا حتّى إنّه يغشّ به بزر البنج وهو أعظم نباتا وأغلظ ساقا وإنّما يتعلّق بالكتّان، والقيثنون أيضا دقيق النبات دقيق البزر جدّا والطيّب منه المتعلّق بالصعتر، ,وقد أوقع بعضهم الكشوث على الأفسنتين.
      Dodder
      S says: It is called amongst us tiña, explained as scabies.
      I say it is not in the original text we have read.
      ʕ says: Dodder is a kind of epithyme, or epithyme is a kind of dodder. The difference between both is that dodder has larger seeds, to the point that henbane seed is dashed thereby, and it is taller and thicker in the stem, and it but betwines flax. Epithyme, moreover, grows short and has sore minute seeds, and the good one hangs with thyme. And some have called absynthe dodder.

Conjugation

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    Conjugation of غَشَّ (I, geminate, a ~ u, full passive, verbal nouns غِشّ, غَشّ)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر 		غِشّ, غَشّ
ḡišš, ḡašš
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل 		غَاشّ
ḡāšš
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول 		مَغْشُوش
maḡšūš
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m غَشَشْتُ
ḡašaštu 		غَشَشْتَ
ḡašašta 		غَشَّ
ḡašša 		غَشَشْتُمَا
ḡašaštumā 		غَشَّا
ḡaššā 		غَشَشْنَا
ḡašašnā 		غَشَشْتُمْ
ḡašaštum 		غَشُّوا
ḡaššū
f غَشَشْتِ
ḡašašti 		غَشَّتْ
ḡaššat 		غَشَّتَا
ḡaššatā 		غَشَشْتُنَّ
ḡašaštunna 		غَشَشْنَ
ḡašašna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m أَغُشُّ
ʔaḡuššu 		تَغُشُّ
taḡuššu 		يَغُشُّ
yaḡuššu 		تَغُشَّانِ
taḡuššāni 		يَغُشَّانِ
yaḡuššāni 		نَغُشُّ
naḡuššu 		تَغُشُّونَ
taḡuššūna 		يَغُشُّونَ
yaḡuššūna
f تَغُشِّينَ
taḡuššīna 		تَغُشُّ
taḡuššu 		تَغُشَّانِ
taḡuššāni 		تَغْشُشْنَ
taḡšušna 		يَغْشُشْنَ
yaḡšušna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m أَغُشَّ
ʔaḡušša 		تَغُشَّ
taḡušša 		يَغُشَّ
yaḡušša 		تَغُشَّا
taḡuššā 		يَغُشَّا
yaḡuššā 		نَغُشَّ
naḡušša 		تَغُشُّوا
taḡuššū 		يَغُشُّوا
yaḡuššū
f تَغُشِّي
taḡuššī 		تَغُشَّ
taḡušša 		تَغُشَّا
taḡuššā 		تَغْشُشْنَ
taḡšušna 		يَغْشُشْنَ
yaḡšušna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m أَغُشَّ, أَغُشِّ, أَغْشُشْ
ʔaḡušša, ʔaḡušši, ʔaḡšuš 		تَغُشَّ, تَغُشِّ, تَغْشُشْ
taḡušša, taḡušši, taḡšuš 		يَغُشَّ, يَغُشِّ, يَغْشُشْ
yaḡušša, yaḡušši, yaḡšuš 		تَغُشَّا
taḡuššā 		يَغُشَّا
yaḡuššā 		نَغُشَّ, نَغُشِّ, نَغْشُشْ
naḡušša, naḡušši, naḡšuš 		تَغُشُّوا
taḡuššū 		يَغُشُّوا
yaḡuššū
f تَغُشِّي
taḡuššī 		تَغُشَّ, تَغُشِّ, تَغْشُشْ
taḡušša, taḡušši, taḡšuš 		تَغُشَّا
taḡuššā 		تَغْشُشْنَ
taḡšušna 		يَغْشُشْنَ
yaḡšušna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m غُشَّ, غُشِّ, اُغْشُشْ
ḡušša, ḡušši, uḡšuš 		غُشَّا
ḡuššā 		غُشُّوا
ḡuššū
f غُشِّي
ḡuššī 		اُغْشُشْنَ
uḡšušna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m غُشِشْتُ
ḡušištu 		غُشِشْتَ
ḡušišta 		غُشَّ
ḡušša 		غُشِشْتُمَا
ḡušištumā 		غُشَّا
ḡuššā 		غُشِشْنَا
ḡušišnā 		غُشِشْتُمْ
ḡušištum 		غُشُّوا
ḡuššū
f غُشِشْتِ
ḡušišti 		غُشَّتْ
ḡuššat 		غُشَّتَا
ḡuššatā 		غُشِشْتُنَّ
ḡušištunna 		غُشِشْنَ
ḡušišna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m أُغَشُّ
ʔuḡaššu 		تُغَشُّ
tuḡaššu 		يُغَشُّ
yuḡaššu 		تُغَشَّانِ
tuḡaššāni 		يُغَشَّانِ
yuḡaššāni 		نُغَشُّ
nuḡaššu 		تُغَشُّونَ
tuḡaššūna 		يُغَشُّونَ
yuḡaššūna
f تُغَشِّينَ
tuḡaššīna 		تُغَشُّ
tuḡaššu 		تُغَشَّانِ
tuḡaššāni 		تُغْشَشْنَ
tuḡšašna 		يُغْشَشْنَ
yuḡšašna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m أُغَشَّ
ʔuḡašša 		تُغَشَّ
tuḡašša 		يُغَشَّ
yuḡašša 		تُغَشَّا
tuḡaššā 		يُغَشَّا
yuḡaššā 		نُغَشَّ
nuḡašša 		تُغَشُّوا
tuḡaššū 		يُغَشُّوا
yuḡaššū
f تُغَشِّي
tuḡaššī 		تُغَشَّ
tuḡašša 		تُغَشَّا
tuḡaššā 		تُغْشَشْنَ
tuḡšašna 		يُغْشَشْنَ
yuḡšašna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m أُغَشَّ, أُغَشِّ, أُغْشَشْ
ʔuḡašša, ʔuḡašši, ʔuḡšaš 		تُغَشَّ, تُغَشِّ, تُغْشَشْ
tuḡašša, tuḡašši, tuḡšaš 		يُغَشَّ, يُغَشِّ, يُغْشَشْ
yuḡašša, yuḡašši, yuḡšaš 		تُغَشَّا
tuḡaššā 		يُغَشَّا
yuḡaššā 		نُغَشَّ, نُغَشِّ, نُغْشَشْ
nuḡašša, nuḡašši, nuḡšaš 		تُغَشُّوا
tuḡaššū 		يُغَشُّوا
yuḡaššū
f تُغَشِّي
tuḡaššī 		تُغَشَّ, تُغَشِّ, تُغْشَشْ
tuḡašša, tuḡašši, tuḡšaš 		تُغَشَّا
tuḡaššā 		تُغْشَشْنَ
tuḡšašna 		يُغْشَشْنَ
yuḡšašna

Noun

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غَشّ • (ḡašš) m

  1. verbal noun of غَشَّ (ḡašša) (form I)
  2. adulteration, corruption, debasement
  3. fraud, deceit

Declension

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Declension of noun غَشّ (ḡašš)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal غَشّ
ḡašš 		الْغَشّ
al-ḡašš 		غَشّ
ḡašš
Nominative غَشٌّ
ḡaššun 		الْغَشُّ
al-ḡaššu 		غَشُّ
ḡaššu
Accusative غَشًّا
ḡaššan 		الْغَشَّ
al-ḡašša 		غَشَّ
ḡašša
Genitive غَشٍّ
ḡaššin 		الْغَشِّ
al-ḡašši 		غَشِّ
ḡašši

Noun

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غِشّ • (ḡišš) m

  1. verbal noun of غَشَّ (ḡašša) (form I)
  2. disloyalty, perfidy
  3. deceit, fraud, imposture
  4. cheating, academic dishonesty

Declension

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Declension of noun غِشّ (ḡišš)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal غِشّ
ḡišš 		الْغِشّ
al-ḡišš 		غِشّ
ḡišš
Nominative غِشٌّ
ḡiššun 		الْغِشُّ
al-ḡiššu 		غِشُّ
ḡiššu
Accusative غِشًّا
ḡiššan 		الْغِشَّ
al-ḡišša 		غِشَّ
ḡišša
Genitive غِشٍّ
ḡiššin 		الْغِشِّ
al-ḡišši 		غِشِّ
ḡišši

References

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  • Wehr, Hans (1979) “غش”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 789

Burushaski

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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غش (ġaśu)

  1. onion

References

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  • Bechtholdt, Astrid (2024) “ghashu”, in Burushaski Hunza Dictionary (Webonary), Dallas, Texas, USA: SIL International, published 2017.

Moroccan Arabic

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Root
غ ش ش
1 term

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Arabic غَشَّ (ḡašša).

Verb

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غش • (ḡašš) I (non-past يغش (yḡušš))

  1. to cheat, to cheat someone
Conjugation
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    Conjugation of غش
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m غشّيت (ḡaššīt) غشّيتي (ḡaššīti) غشّ (ḡašš) غشّينا (ḡaššīna) غشّيتوا (ḡaššītu) غشّوا (ḡaššu)
f غشّت (ḡaššāt)
non-past m نغشّ (nḡušš) تغشّ (tḡušš) يغشّ (yḡušš) نغشّوا (nḡuššu) تغشّوا (tḡuššu) يغشّوا (yḡuššu)
f تغشّي (tḡušši) تغشّ (tḡušš)
imperative m غشّ (ḡušš) غشّوا (ḡuššu)
f غشّي (ḡušši)

Etymology 2

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From Arabic ّغِشّ.

Noun

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غش • (ḡašš) m

  1. deceit, fraud, imposture
  2. cheating, academic dishonesty

Persian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Arabic غَشْي (ḡašy).

Pronunciation

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Readings
Classical reading? ğaš
Dari reading? ğaš
Iranian reading? ğaš
Tajik reading? ġaš

Noun

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غش • (ğaš)

  1. faint, swoon

Derived terms

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South Levantine Arabic

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Root
غ ش ش
1 term

Etymology

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From Arabic غَشَّ (ḡašša).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ɣaʃʃ/, [ɣaʃ]
  • Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

Verb

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غشّ • (ḡašš) I (present بغشّ (biḡošš))

  1. to cheat, to deceive

Conjugation

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    Conjugation of غشّ (ḡašš)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m غشّيت (ḡaššēt) غشّيت (ḡaššēt) غشّ (ḡašš) غشّينا (ḡaššēna) غشّيتو (ḡaššētu) غشّو (ḡaššu)
f غشّيتي (ḡaššēti) غشّت (ḡaššat)
present m بغشّ (baḡošš) بتغشّ (bitḡošš) بغشّ (biḡošš) منغشّ (minḡošš) بتغشّو (bitḡoššu) بغشّو (biḡoššu)
f بتغشّي (bitḡošši) بتغشّ (bitḡošš)
subjunctive m اغشّ (aḡošš) تغشّ (tḡošš) يغشّ (yḡošš) نغشّ (nḡošš) تغشّو (tḡoššu) يغشّو (yḡoššu)
f تغشّي (tḡošši) تغشّ (tḡošš)
imperative m غشّ (ḡošš) غشّو (ḡoššu)
f غشّي (ḡošši)

Urdu

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Classical Persian غش (ğaš), from Arabic غَشْي (ḡašy).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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غَش • (ğaš) m (Hindi spelling ग़श)

  1. fainting, stupor, unconsciousness
  2. faintness, swoon
  3. in love

References

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  • “غش”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • “غش”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
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