خلق

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See also: خلف, حلق, جلق, and خ ل ق

Arabic

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Root
خ ل ق (ḵ l q)
12 terms

Etymology 1.1

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Inherited from Proto-Semitic *ḫalaq-, as Biblical Hebrew חָלַק (ḥɔláq, to be smooth, slippery) and Akkadian 𒄩𒀀 (ḫalāqum, to vanish), with a basic meaning of “to shift”, “to shake (off)”, “to shoehorn figuratively”, ultimately extended from the root which is in Arabic خ ل ل (ḵ-l-l) related to transfixation, as is خ ل س (ḵ-l-s) related to something being snatched,[1] in Arabic further spawning ideas of a particularly shape or fitting.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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خَلَقَ (ḵalaqa) I (non-past يَخْلُقُ (yaḵluqu), verbal noun خَلْق (ḵalq))

  1. to create, to make
  2. to shape, to form
Conjugation
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Descendants
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  • Lishana Deni: כלאקא (xalāqa)

Etymology 1.2

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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خَلُقَ (ḵaluqa) I (non-past يَخْلُقُ (yaḵluqu), verbal noun خَلَاقَة (ḵalāqa))

  1. to be suitable, be fit
Conjugation
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Etymology 1.3

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Probably denominal from the perfume compound خَلُوق (ḵalūq), خِلَاق (ḵilāq), which is then from the base stem “to create, to compose” above.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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خَلَّقَ (ḵallaqa) II (non-past يُخَلِّقُ (yuḵalliqu), verbal noun تَخْلِيق (taḵlīq))

  1. to perfume
Conjugation
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Etymology 1.4

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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خَلْق (ḵalqm

  1. verbal noun of خَلَقَ (ḵalaqa) (form I)
  2. creation
  3. (collective) creation (all which exists), creatures
  4. (collective) people
    • 10th century, Al-Mutanabbi :
      أَنَامُ مِلْءَ جُفُونِي عَنْ شَوارِدِهَا / وَيَسْهَرُ الْخَلْقُ جَرَّاهَا وَيَخْتَصِمُ
      ʔanāmu milʔa jufūnī ʕan šawāridihā / wayasharu al-ḵalqu jarrāhā wayaḵtaṣimu
  5. pleb, plebeian
Declension
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Descendants
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Etymology 1.5

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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خُلُق (ḵuluqm (dual خُلُقَانِ (ḵuluqāni), plural أَخْلَاق (ʔaḵlāq))

  1. natural disposition, character, nature
  2. inborn quality
  3. manners, character
  4. morals, morality
    • (Can we date this quote?) Ahmad Shawqi
      وَإِنَّمَا ٱلْأُمَمُ ٱلْأَخْلَاقُ مَا بَقِيَتْ / فَإِنْ هُمُ ذَهَبَتْ أَخْلَاقُهُمْ ذَهَبُوا
      waʔinnamā l-ʔumamu l-ʔaḵlāqu mā baqiyat / faʔin humu ḏahabat ʔaḵlāquhum ḏahabū
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  5. (Modern Standard Arabic) anger, irritation
  6. (Modern Standard Arabic) bravery
  7. (Modern Standard Arabic) religion
  8. (Modern Standard Arabic) humanity
  9. (Modern Standard Arabic) refinement
Declension
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Descendants
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(via plural form أَخْلَاق (ʔaḵlāq))

Etymology 1.6

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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خِلَق (ḵilaqpl

  1. plural of خِلْقَة (ḵilqa)

Etymology 2.1

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Plausibly a liquid variant of خ ر ق (ḵ-r-q), but it is sensible that it rather relates to the rest of خ ل ق (ḵ-l-q) via the idea of a rag being fitted into somewhere or onto a body or item, until serving purposes of polishing and making things smoother.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /xa.lu.qa/, /xa.li.qa/, /xa.la.qa/

Verb

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خَلُقَ (ḵaluqa) I (non-past يَخْلُقُ (yaḵluqu), verbal noun خُلُوقَة (ḵulūqa) or خَلَاقَة (ḵalāqa))
خَلِقَ (ḵaliqa) I (non-past يَخْلَقُ (yaḵlaqu), verbal noun خَلَق (ḵalaq))
خَلَقَ (ḵalaqa) I (non-past يَخْلُقُ (yaḵluqu), verbal noun خُلُوق (ḵulūq))

  1. to be old and worn out (of a garment)
  2. to be smooth and soft (of an item, through wear)
Conjugation
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Etymology 2.2

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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خَلَق (ḵalaqm or f (plural خُلْقَان (ḵulqān) or أَخْلَاق (ʔaḵlāq))

  1. verbal noun of خَلِقَ (ḵaliqa) (form I)
  2. rags
  3. old age
  4. men, people
Declension
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Adjective

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خَلَق (ḵalaq) (feminine خَلَق (ḵalaq), common plural خُلْقَان (ḵulqān) or أَخْلَاق (ʔaḵlāq))

  1. worn, threadbare
Declension
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References

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  1. ^ Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 431

Hijazi Arabic

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Root
خ ل ق
1 term

Etymology 1

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From Arabic خَلَقَ (ḵalaqa).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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خَلَق (ḵalag) I (non-past يِخْلق (yiḵlug, yiḵlig))

  1. to create, to make
  2. to shape, to form
Conjugation
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    Conjugation of خلق (ḵalag)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m خلقت (ḵalagt) خلقت (ḵalagt) خلق (ḵalag) خلقنا (ḵalagna) خلقتوا (ḵalagtu) خلقوا (ḵalagu)
f خلقتي (ḵalagti) خلقت (ḵalagat)
non-past m أخلق (ʔaḵlug) تخلق (tiḵlug) يخلق (yiḵlug) نخلق (niḵlug) تخلقوا (tiḵlugu) يخلقوا (yiḵlugu)
f تخلقي (tiḵlugi) تخلق (tiḵlug)
imperative m اخلق (aḵlug) اخلقوا (aḵlugu)
f اخلقي (aḵlugi)
    Conjugation of خلق (ḵalag)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m خلقت (ḵalagt) خلقت (ḵalagt) خلق (ḵalag) خلقنا (ḵalagna) خلقتوا (ḵalagtu) خلقوا (ḵalagu)
f خلقتي (ḵalagti) خلقت (ḵalagat)
non-past m أخلق (ʔaḵlig) تخلق (tiḵlig) يخلق (yiḵlig) نخلق (niḵlig) تخلقوا (tiḵligu) يخلقوا (yiḵligu)
f تخلقي (tiḵligi) تخلق (tiḵlig)
imperative m اخلق (aḵlig) اخلقوا (aḵligu)
f اخلقي (aḵligi)

Etymology 2

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From Arabic خُلُق (ḵuluq).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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خِلق or خُلق (ḵilg or ḵulgm (plural أخلاق (ʔaḵlag))

  1. manner
  2. morals, morality
  3. endurance

Etymology 3

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From Arabic خَلْق (ḵalq).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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خَلْق (ḵalgm

  1. (collective) creation (all which exists), creatures
  2. (collective) people

Persian

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Persian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia fa

Etymology 1

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Borrowed from Arabic خَلْق (ḵalq).

Pronunciation

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Readings
Classical reading? xalq
Dari reading? xalq
Iranian reading? xalğ
Tajik reading? xalq

Noun

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Dari خلق
Iranian Persian
Tajik халқ

خلق (xalq) (plural خلق‌ها (xalq-hâ))

  1. creation
    Synonym: آفرینش (âfarineš)
  2. pleb, plebeian
  3. (socialism or dated) people, folk
    Synonym: مردم (mardom)
    جمهوری خلق چینjomhuri-ye xalq-e činthe People's Republic of China
    حزب دموکراتیک خلق افغانستانhizb-i dimōkrātīk-i xalq-i afğānistānPeople's Democratic Party of Afghanistan
Derived terms
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Descendants
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Etymology 2

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Borrowed from Arabic خُلْق (ḵulq).

Pronunciation

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Readings
Classical reading? xul(u)q
Dari reading? xul(u)q
Iranian reading? xol(o)ğ
Tajik reading? xul(u)q

Noun

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خلق (xolq) (plural اخلاق (axlâq))

  1. temperament, disposition, character, personality
    خلق آرامxolq-e ârâmcalm personality
  2. custom, habit, manner, behaviour
  3. humour, mood
    خلق تنگxolq-e tangunpleasant mood
Usage notes
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  • Note that the plural اخلاق (axlâq) is usually used with the meaning of “morality; ethics” rather than as the plural of خلق (xolq).
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Borrowed from Arabic خَلَق (ḵalaq).

Pronunciation

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Readings
Classical reading? xalaq
Dari reading? xalaq
Iranian reading? xalağ
Tajik reading? xalaq

Noun

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خلق (xalaq) (plural خلق‌ها (xalaq-hâ) or خلقان (xolqân))

  1. rags

Adjective

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خلق (xalaq)

  1. ragged; shabby

Sindhi

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Arabic خَلْق (ḵalq).

Noun

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خَلْقَ (xalqum (Devanagari ख़ल्क़ु)

  1. people

Further reading

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  • Parmanand, Mewaram (1910) “خَلْقَ”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, Hyderabad, Sindh: The Sind Juvenile Co-operative Society
  • خلق”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, University of Chicago: Center for Language Engineering, Pakistan, 18661938

Urdu

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Classical Persian خلق (xalq), from Arabic خَلْق (ḵalq).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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خلق (xalqm (Hindi spelling ख़लक़)

  1. mankind, humanity
  2. (religion) creation, world

Declension

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    Declension of خلق
singular plural
direct خلق (xalq) خلق (xalq)
oblique خلق (xalq) خلقوں (xalqõ)
vocative خلق (xalq) خلقو (xalqo)

Ushojo

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Etymology

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From Persian خلق (xalq).

Noun

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خلق (xalq)

  1. people