ψυχρός
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Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From ψύχω (psúkhō, “to blow”) + -ρός (-rós).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /psyː.kʰrós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /psyˈkʰros/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /psyˈxros/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /psyˈxros/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /psiˈxros/
Adjective
[edit]ψῡχρός • (psūkhrós) m (feminine ψῡχρᾱ́, neuter ψῡχρόν); first/second declension
- cold, frigid
- (figuratively) cold-hearted, without feeling, lifeless
- (figuratively) ineffectual
Inflection
[edit]Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | ψυχρός psukhrós |
ψυχρᾱ́ psukhrā́ |
ψυχρόν psukhrón |
ψυχρώ psukhrṓ |
ψυχρᾱ́ psukhrā́ |
ψυχρώ psukhrṓ |
ψυχροί psukhroí |
ψυχραί psukhraí |
ψυχρᾰ́ psukhrá | |||||
Genitive | ψυχροῦ psukhroû |
ψυχρᾶς psukhrâs |
ψυχροῦ psukhroû |
ψυχροῖν psukhroîn |
ψυχραῖν psukhraîn |
ψυχροῖν psukhroîn |
ψυχρῶν psukhrôn |
ψυχρῶν psukhrôn |
ψυχρῶν psukhrôn | |||||
Dative | ψυχρῷ psukhrôi |
ψυχρᾷ psukhrâi |
ψυχρῷ psukhrôi |
ψυχροῖν psukhroîn |
ψυχραῖν psukhraîn |
ψυχροῖν psukhroîn |
ψυχροῖς psukhroîs |
ψυχραῖς psukhraîs |
ψυχροῖς psukhroîs | |||||
Accusative | ψυχρόν psukhrón |
ψυχρᾱ́ν psukhrā́n |
ψυχρόν psukhrón |
ψυχρώ psukhrṓ |
ψυχρᾱ́ psukhrā́ |
ψυχρώ psukhrṓ |
ψυχρούς psukhroús |
ψυχρᾱ́ς psukhrā́s |
ψυχρᾰ́ psukhrá | |||||
Vocative | ψυχρέ psukhré |
ψυχρᾱ́ psukhrā́ |
ψυχρόν psukhrón |
ψυχρώ psukhrṓ |
ψυχρᾱ́ psukhrā́ |
ψυχρώ psukhrṓ |
ψυχροί psukhroí |
ψυχραί psukhraí |
ψυχρᾰ́ psukhrá | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
ψυχρῶς psukhrôs |
ψυχρότερος psukhróteros |
ψυχρότᾰτος psukhrótatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
References
[edit]- “ψυχρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ψυχρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ψυχρός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ψυχρός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- ψυχρός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “ψυχρός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G5592 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- arctic idem, page 38.
- bleak idem, page 82.
- bracing idem, page 92.
- chill idem, page 130.
- cold idem, page 142.
- cool idem, page 173.
- crisp idem, page 184.
- dull idem, page 256.
- exhilarating idem, page 291.
- frigid idem, page 346.
- frosty idem, page 347.
- icy idem, page 413.
- insipid idem, page 445.
- mawkish idem, page 518.
- prosaic idem, page 653.
- tame idem, page 855.
- tasteless idem, page 856.
- unimpassioned idem, page 921.
- “ψυχρός”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Ancient Greek ψυχρός (psukhrós).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]ψυχρός • (psychrós) m (feminine ψυχρή, neuter ψυχρό)
- cold (literally, mainly of weather & figuratively)
Declension
[edit]Declension of ψυχρός
number case \ gender |
singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | ψυχρός • | ψυχρή • | ψυχρό • | ψυχροί • | ψυχρές • | ψυχρά • |
genitive | ψυχρού • | ψυχρής • | ψυχρού • | ψυχρών • | ψυχρών • | ψυχρών • |
accusative | ψυχρό • | ψυχρή • | ψυχρό • | ψυχρούς • | ψυχρές • | ψυχρά • |
vocative | ψυχρέ • | ψυχρή • | ψυχρό • | ψυχροί • | ψυχρές • | ψυχρά • |
derivations | Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο ψυχρός, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο ψυχρός, etc.) |
Degrees of comparison by suffixation
comparative | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | ψυχρότερος • | ψυχρότερη • | ψυχρότερο • | ψυχρότεροι • | ψυχρότερες • | ψυχρότερα • |
genitive | ψυχρότερου • | ψυχρότερης • | ψυχρότερου • | ψυχρότερων • | ψυχρότερων • | ψυχρότερων • |
accusative | ψυχρότερο • | ψυχρότερη • | ψυχρότερο • | ψυχρότερους • | ψυχρότερες • | ψυχρότερα • |
vocative | ψυχρότερε • | ψυχρότερη • | ψυχρότερο • | ψυχρότεροι • | ψυχρότερες • | ψυχρότερα • |
derivations | relative superlative: ο + comparative forms (eg "ο ψυχρότερος", etc) | |||||
Absolute superlative | singular | plural | ||||
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | ψυχρότατος • | ψυχρότατη • | ψυχρότατο • | ψυχρότατοι • | ψυχρότατες • | ψυχρότατα • |
genitive | ψυχρότατου • | ψυχρότατης • | ψυχρότατου • | ψυχρότατων • | ψυχρότατων • | ψυχρότατων • |
accusative | ψυχρότατο • | ψυχρότατη • | ψυχρότατο • | ψυχρότατους • | ψυχρότατες • | ψυχρότατα • |
vocative | ψυχρότατε • | ψυχρότατη • | ψυχρότατο • | ψυχρότατοι • | ψυχρότατες • | ψυχρότατα • |
Synonyms
[edit]- κρύος (krýos, “cold”)
Related terms
[edit]- Category Greek terms prefixed with ψυχρο- not found
- Category Greek terms suffixed with -ψυχρος not found
- ψύχρα f (psýchra, “cool -of weather-”)
- ψυχρότητα f (psychrótita, “coldness -figuratively-”)
- ψυχραίνω (psychraíno, “I make cool”)
and see: ψύχω (psýcho, “I make cold”)
Further reading
[edit]- ψυχρός, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -ρός
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek adjectives
- Ancient Greek oxytone terms
- Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greek lemmas
- Greek adjectives
- Greek adjectives in declension ός-ή-ό