él
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See also: Appendix:Variations of "el"
Aragonese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin ille (“that one”). Akin to Spanish él and Portuguese ele.
Pronoun
[edit]él
- he (third-person singular masculine pronoun)
Asturian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]él
- (Western and Central Asturias, dated Central) Alternative form of elli
Hungarian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Uralic *elä-. Cognates include Finnish elää (“to live”).
Verb
[edit]él
- (intransitive) to live (to remain alive, be alive, reside at)
- (transitive) to live
- Veszélyes időket éltek. ― They lived in a dangerous time.
- (intransitive) to live in a particular state
- Mindannyian hazugságban élünk. ― We are all living a lie.
- (intransitive) to use something habitually or regularly (+ -val/-vel), especially when that something is considered unethical or immoral
- Én nem élek drogokkal. ― I don't use drugs.
- Ki karddal él, kard által vész el, tartja a mondás. ― He who lives by the sword dies by the sword, as the saying goes.
- (intransitive) to consume something (+ -n/-on/-en/-ön) as a main part of one's diet
- Sok egyetemista egészségtelen ételeken él. ― A lot of university students live off unhealthy food.
- (intransitive) to use something (+ -val/-vel) to one's advantage, to make proper use of
- Szeretnék élni alkotmányos jogaimmal. ― I would like to exercise my constitutional rights.
- A barátom élt a felesége tanácsával. ― My friend took his wife's advice.
- (intransitive) to spend most of one's time benefiting something or someone (usually + -nak/-nek)
- Egy katona egyedül a hazájának él. ― A soldier lives for his country alone.
- (intransitive) to make a living, to depend on something (+ -ból/-ből) as a source of income
- A legtöbb dolgozó a munkájából él. ― Most workers live from their work.
- Meg kellett tanulniuk a földből élni. ― They had to learn to live off the land.
- (intransitive) to continue to be remembered, to live with someone (+ -ban/-ben)
- A szavai azóta is bennem élnek. ― His words have lived with me ever since.
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of él
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | élek | élsz | él | élünk | éltek | élnek | |
Def. | élem | éled | éli | éljük | élitek | élik | |||
2nd-p. o. | éllek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | éltem | éltél | élt | éltünk | éltetek | éltek | ||
Def. | éltem | élted | élte | éltük | éltétek | élték | |||
2nd-p. o. | éltelek | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. élni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | élék | élél | éle | élénk | élétek | élének | ||
Def. | élém | éléd | élé | élénk | élétek | élék | |||
2nd-p. o. | élélek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. él vala, élt vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | élendek | élendesz | élend | élendünk | élendetek | élendenek | ||
Def. | élendem | élended | élendi | élendjük | élenditek | élendik | |||
2nd-p. o. | élendelek | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | élnék | élnél | élne | élnénk | élnétek | élnének | |
Def. | élném | élnéd | élné | élnénk (or élnők) |
élnétek | élnék | |||
2nd-p. o. | élnélek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. élt volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | éljek | élj or éljél |
éljen | éljünk | éljetek | éljenek | |
Def. | éljem | éld or éljed |
élje | éljük | éljétek | éljék | |||
2nd-p. o. | éljelek | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. élt légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | élni | élnem | élned | élnie | élnünk | élnetek | élniük | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
élés | élő | élt | élendő | élve (élvén) | éltet (or rarely élet) | ||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
potential conjugation of él
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | élhetek | élhetsz | élhet | élhetünk | élhettek | élhetnek | |
Def. | élhetem | élheted | élheti | élhetjük | élhetitek | élhetik | |||
2nd-p. o. | élhetlek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | élhettem | élhettél | élhetett | élhettünk | élhettetek | élhettek | ||
Def. | élhettem | élhetted | élhette | élhettük | élhettétek | élhették | |||
2nd-p. o. | élhettelek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | élheték | élhetél | élhete | élheténk | élhetétek | élhetének | ||
Def. | élhetém | élhetéd | élheté | élheténk | élhetétek | élheték | |||
2nd-p. o. | élhetélek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. élhet vala, élhetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | élhetendek or élandhatok |
élhetendesz or élandhatsz |
élhetend or élandhat |
élhetendünk or élandhatunk |
élhetendetek or élandhattok |
élhetendenek or élandhatnak | ||
Def. | élhetendem or élandhatom |
élhetended or élandhatod |
élhetendi or élandhatja |
élhetendjük or élandhatjuk |
élhetenditek or élandhatjátok |
élhetendik or élandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | élhetendelek or élandhatlak |
― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | élhetnék | élhetnél | élhetne | élhetnénk | élhetnétek | élhetnének | |
Def. | élhetném | élhetnéd | élhetné | élhetnénk (or élhetnők) |
élhetnétek | élhetnék | |||
2nd-p. o. | élhetnélek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. élhetett volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | élhessek | élhess or élhessél |
élhessen | élhessünk | élhessetek | élhessenek | |
Def. | élhessem | élhesd or élhessed |
élhesse | élhessük | élhessétek | élhessék | |||
2nd-p. o. | élhesselek | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. élhetett légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (élhetni) | (élhetnem) | (élhetned) | (élhetnie) | (élhetnünk) | (élhetnetek) | (élhetniük) | ||
Positive adjective | élhető | Neg. adj. | élhetetlen | Adv. part. | (élhetve / élhetvén) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit](With verbal prefixes):
Expressions
Etymology 2
[edit]Probably from Proto-Ugric *elɜ (“edge”). Compare with Northern Mansi э̄лми (è̄lmi, “edge”).
Noun
[edit]él (plural élek)
- edge
- crease (of pants/trousers)
- fore, front, forefront, head (see élen, élén)
- (geometry) side (a bounding straight edge of a two-dimensional shape)
- Synonym: (a less technical term in this sense) oldal
Declension
[edit]Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | él | élek |
accusative | élt | éleket |
dative | élnek | éleknek |
instrumental | éllel | élekkel |
causal-final | élért | élekért |
translative | éllé | élekké |
terminative | élig | élekig |
essive-formal | élként | élekként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | élben | élekben |
superessive | élen | éleken |
adessive | élnél | éleknél |
illative | élbe | élekbe |
sublative | élre | élekre |
allative | élhez | élekhez |
elative | élből | élekből |
delative | élről | élekről |
ablative | éltől | élektől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
élé | éleké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
éléi | élekéi |
Possessive forms of él | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | élem | éleim |
2nd person sing. | éled | éleid |
3rd person sing. | éle | élei |
1st person plural | élünk | éleink |
2nd person plural | életek | éleitek |
3rd person plural | élük | éleik |
Derived terms
[edit]Compound words with this term at the beginning
Compound words with this term at the end
Further reading
[edit]- (to live): él in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (edge): él in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- él in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).
Anagrams
[edit]Icelandic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]él n (genitive singular éls, nominative plural él)
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Spanish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Latin ille (“that one”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]él (masculine third-person singular pronoun, feminine ella, neuter ello, masculine plural ellos, feminine plural ellas)
- he, him, masculine personal third person subject and disjunctive pronoun (used as a subject and after prepositions)
- Él es mi hermano.
- He is my brother.
- Lo hice para él.
- I did it for him.
- it, masculine non-personal third-person subject and disjunctive pronoun (used as a subject and after prepositions to refer to masculine nouns)
- ―¿Es esto un libro? ―Sí, él es.
- ―Is this a book? ―Yes, it is.
- ¡Mi coche! ¿Qué le pasó a él?
- My car! What happened to it?
Related terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Spanish personal pronouns
nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | yo | me | mí1 | |||
plural | masculine2 | nosotros | nos | nosotros | |||
feminine | nosotras | nosotras | |||||
second person | singular | tuteo | tú | te | ti1 | ||
voseo | vos | vos | |||||
formal3 | usted | le, se4 | lo/la5 | usted | |||
plural | familiar6 | masculine2 | vosotros | os | vosotros | ||
feminine | vosotras | vosotras | |||||
formal/general3 | ustedes | les, se4 | los/las5 | ustedes | |||
third person | singular | masculine2 | él | le, se4 | lo | él | |
feminine | ella | la | ella | ||||
neuter | ello7 | lo | ello | ||||
plural | masculine2 | ellos | les, se4 | los | ellos | ||
feminine | ellas | las | ellas | ||||
reflexive | — | se | sí1 |
- Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
- Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
- Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
- If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
- Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
- Used primarily in Spain
- Used only in rare circumstances
Further reading
[edit]- “él”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28
Anagrams
[edit]Categories:
- Aragonese terms inherited from Latin
- Aragonese terms derived from Latin
- Aragonese lemmas
- Aragonese pronouns
- Aragonese personal pronouns
- Asturian terms inherited from Latin
- Asturian terms derived from Latin
- Asturian lemmas
- Asturian pronouns
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hungarian terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/eːl
- Rhymes:Hungarian/eːl/1 syllable
- Hungarian terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Hungarian terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian verbs
- Hungarian intransitive verbs
- Hungarian transitive verbs
- Hungarian terms with usage examples
- Hungarian verbs taking -val/-vel
- Hungarian verbs taking -n/-on/-en/-ön
- Hungarian verbs taking -nak/-nek
- Hungarian verbs taking -ból/-ből
- Hungarian verbs taking -ban/-ben
- Hungarian terms inherited from Proto-Ugric
- Hungarian terms derived from Proto-Ugric
- Hungarian nouns
- hu:Geometry
- Hungarian two-letter words
- Hungarian terms with multiple lemma etymologies
- Hungarian terms with noun and verb etymologies
- Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse
- Icelandic 1-syllable words
- Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic nouns
- Icelandic neuter nouns
- Spanish terms inherited from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish 1-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Spanish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/el
- Rhymes:Spanish/el/1 syllable
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish pronouns
- Spanish terms with usage examples