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áðr

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: adr, ADR, -aðr, and adr.

Old Norse

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Etymology 1

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Traditionally derived from Proto-Germanic *ēdrô (quickly, promptly), from *ēdraz (quick, prompt) and thus cognate with Old English ǣdre, Old Frisian ēdre, Old Saxon ādro, Old High German ātar, but this doesn't fit well semantically. A better derivation is from Proto-Norse *āriʀ, from Proto-Germanic *airiz (earlier) and thus cognate with Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌶 (airiz, earlier) and English ere.[1]

Alternative forms

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Adverb

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áðr (not comparable)

  1. already
  2. before, heretofore, ere
    • Vǫluspá, verse 46, lines 7-10, in 1860, T. Möbius, Edda Sæmundar hins fróða: mit einem Anhang zum Theil bisher ungedruckter Gedichte. Leipzig, page 7:
      [] skeggöld, skálmöld,
      skildir 'ro klofnir,
      vindöld, vargöld,
      áðr veröld steypisk; []
      [] axe-age, sword-age,
      shields are cloven
      wind-age, wolf-age,
      ere the world falls; []
  3. until
Descendants
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  • Icelandic: áður
  • Faroese: áður
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: åder

Etymology 2

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Participle

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áðr

  1. past participle of æja
Declension
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References

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  1. ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*airi”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 12

Further reading

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  • áðr in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.
  • Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic[2], Oxford: Clarendon Press