-ar
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Page categories
English
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Latin -āris (“of, pertaining to”).
Suffix
[edit]-ar
- Of, near, or pertaining to; adjective suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form. Often added to words of Latin origin, but used with other words also.
Usage notes
[edit]See usage notes at -al.
Translations
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Latin -ārius or French -aire.
Suffix
[edit]-ar
Etymology 3
[edit]From Middle English -ar, -are, variant of Middle English -ere, from Old English -ere. More at -er.
Suffix
[edit]-ar
- Forms agent nouns.
Etymology 4
[edit]Clipping of star.; modelled after the earlier coinages pulsar and quasar.
Suffix
[edit]-ar
Coordinate terms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Aromanian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin -ārius, -ārium. Compare Daco-Romanian -ar.
Suffix
[edit]-ar m
- suffix used to denote a profession or craft
Derived terms
[edit]Azerbaijani
[edit]Suffix
[edit]preceding vowel | ||
---|---|---|
A / I / O / U | E / Ə / İ / Ö / Ü | |
postconsonantal | -ar | -ər |
postvocalic | -yar | -yər |
-ar
- Postconsonantal form of -ər after the vowels A / I / O / U.
Basque
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ar
- Alternative form of -tar (demonym-forming suffix)
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From ar (“male”).
Suffix
[edit]-ar
Etymology 3
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ar
- [with verbal noun] about to
- Itxaron, bukatzear nago. ― Wait, I'll finish in a moment.
Further reading
[edit]- “-ar” in Labayru Hiztegia
Catalan
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Latin -āris (“of, pertaining to”).
Pronunciation
[edit](adjective)
(noun)
Suffix
[edit]-ar m or f (adjective-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -ars)
- -ar; forms adjectives of one form indicating that the noun that is modified by the adjective is pertaining to the root word used to form the adjective
Suffix
[edit]-ar m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ars)
- forms nouns indicating where a given crop is grown
- taronger (“orange tree”) + -ar → tarongerar (“orange grove”)
- forms nouns indicating where something is usually found
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ar (verb-forming suffix, first-person singular present -o, first-person singular preterite -í, past participle -at)
- forms first conjugation verbs indicating an action related to the root word
- col·lecció (“collection”) + -ar → col·leccionar (“to collect”)
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | -ar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | -ant | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | -at | -ada | |||||
plural | -ats | -ades | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | -o | -es | -a | -em | -eu | -en | |
imperfect | -ava | -aves | -ava | -àvem | -àveu | -aven | |
future | -aré | -aràs | -arà | -arem | -areu | -aran | |
preterite | -í | -ares | -à | -àrem | -àreu | -aren | |
conditional | -aria | -aries | -aria | -aríem | -aríeu | -arien | |
subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | -i | -is | -i | -em | -eu | -in | |
imperfect | -és | -essis | -és | -éssim | -éssiu | -essin | |
imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
affirmative | — | -a | -i | -em | -eu | -in | |
negative (no) | — | no -is | no -i | no -em | no -eu | no -in |
In older versions of Catalan, the second person endings for the preterite were -ast in the singular and -às in the plural.
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “-ar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “-ar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
Franco-Provençal
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ar (ORB, broad)
- Forms first-conjugation verbs.
Derived terms
[edit]Galician
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Latin -āris (“of, pertaining to”).
Suffix
[edit]-ar m or f (adjective-forming suffix, plural -ares)
- -ar; forms relational adjectives from nouns
Etymology 2
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ar (verb-forming suffix, first-person singular present -o, first-person singular preterite -ei, past participle -ado)
- forms first conjugation verbs indicating an action related to the root word
- fragmento (“fragment”) + -ar → fragmentar (“to fragment”)
Conjugation
[edit]Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (ti) |
Third-person (el / ela / Vde.) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | -ar | |||||
Personal | -ar | -ares | -ar | -armos | -ardes | -aren |
Gerund | ||||||
-ando | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | -ado | -ados | ||||
Feminine | -ada | -adas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | -o | -as | -a | -amos | -ades | -an |
Imperfect | -aba | -abas | -aba | -abamos | -abades | -aban |
Preterite | -ei | -aches | -ou | -amos | -astes | -aron |
Pluperfect | -ara | -aras | -ara | -aramos | -arades | -aran |
Future | -arei | -arás | -ará | -aremos | -aredes | -arán |
Conditional | -aría | -arías | -aría | -ariamos | -ariades | -arían |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | -e | -es | -e | -emos | -edes | -en |
Imperfect | -ase | -ases | -ase | -ásemos | -ásedes | -asen |
Future | -ar | -ares | -ar | -armos | -ardes | -aren |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | -a | -e | -emos | -ade | -en | |
Negative (non) | non -es | non -e | non -emos | non -edes | non -en |
Derived terms
[edit]German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin -arius. Doublet of -er and -är.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ar
Ido
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from French -er, Italian -are, Spanish -ar, from Latin -āre.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ar
- This ending denotes the present infinitive form of a verb.
- Me volas komprar ca objekto. ― I want to buy this thing.
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Interlingua
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ar
- Added to a noun root word, this forms a verb meaning to apply or make use of the root.
- Added to an adjectival root word, this forms a verb meaning to render/make (adjective) the object of the verb.
See also
[edit]Latin
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From apocope of final e in -āre, neuter of -āris, dissimilated form (after a preceding l) of -ālis.
Suffix
[edit]-ar n (genitive -āris); third declension
- noun-forming suffix
Declension
[edit]Third-declension noun (neuter, “pure” i-stem).
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | -ar | -āria |
genitive | -āris | -ārium |
dative | -ārī | -āribus |
accusative | -ar | -āria |
ablative | -ārī | -āribus |
vocative | -ar | -āria |
Derived terms
[edit]Ngarrindjeri
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ar
Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Norse -ar, the nominative plural ending for masculine a-stem and feminine o-stem nouns.
Suffix
[edit]-ar m or f
- Used to form regular indefinite plurals of most masculine nouns.
- Used to form regular indefinite plurals of some feminine nouns.
- gjerning (“act”) + -ar → gjerningar (“acts”)
See also
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Old Norse -ar, the genitive singular ending for strong feminine nouns and masculine i- and u-stem nouns.
Alternative forms
[edit]Interfix
[edit]-ar m or f
- Used to form indefinite genitive singulars of strong feminine nouns and some strong masculine nouns, used in frozen expressions.
- Ein fredar mann. ― A peaceful man/person.
Etymology 3
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ar m
- Used to form nouns from verbs, a person who performs the action of the verb.
- Ein som lever av å baka, er ein bakar. ― One who makes his living baking is a baker.
Etymology 4
[edit]From Old Norse -arr, from Proto-Germanic *harjaz (“warrior”), *warjaz (“defender”) and *gaizaz (“spear”).
Suffix
[edit]-ar m
- A name suffix, meaning warrior, guardian or spear
Occitan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Occitan -ar, from Latin -āre, infinitive ending of first conjugation verbs.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ar
- Suffix of verbs of the first conjugation
Conjugation
[edit]simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | -ar | aver -at | |||||
gerund | -ant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | -at | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | -i | -as | -a | -am | -atz | -an | |
imperfect | -avi | -avas | -ava | -àvem | -àvetz | -avan | |
preterite | -èri | -ères | -èt | -èrem | -èretz | -èron | |
future | -arai | -aràs | -arà | -arem | -aretz | -aràn | |
conditional | -ariái | -ariás | -ariá | -ariam | -ariatz | -arián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | -èra | -èras | -èra | -eram | -eratz | -èran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | -e | -es | -e | -em | -etz | -en | |
imperfect | -èssi | -èsses | -èsse | -èssem | -èssetz | -èsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
-a | -em | -atz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | -ar | aver -at | |||||
gerund | -ant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | -at | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | -e | -es | -a | -am | -atz | -on | |
imperfect | -ave | -aves | -ava | -aviam | -aviatz | -avon | |
preterite | -ere | -eres | -et | -em | -etz | -eron | |
future | -arai | -aràs | -ará | -arem | -aretz | -arán | |
conditional | -ariá | -ariás | -ariá | -ariam | -ariatz | -arián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | -èra | -èras | -èra | -eram | -eratz | -èran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | -e | -es | -e | -assiam | -assiatz | -on | |
imperfect | -esse | -esses | -esse | -essiam | -essiatz | -esson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
-a | -assiam | -atz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | -ar | aver -at | |||||
gerund | -ant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | -at | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | -i | -as | -a | -am | -atz | -an | |
imperfect | -avi | -avas | -ava | -àvam | -àvatz | -avan | |
preterite | -èi | -ès | -è | -èm | -ètz | -èn | |
future | -arèi | -aràs | -arà | -aram | -aratz | -aràn | |
conditional | -arí | -arés | -aré | -arem | -aretz | -arén | |
conditional 2nd form1 | -èra | -èras | -èra | -eram | -eratz | -èran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | -i | -es | -e | -em | -etz | -en | |
imperfect | -èssi | -èsses | -èsse | -èssem | -èssetz | -èssen | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
-a | -em | -atz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | -ar | aver -at | |||||
gerund | -ant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | -at | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | -e | -as | -a | -am | -atz | -an | |
imperfect | -ava | -avas | -ava | -àvam | -àvatz | -avan | |
preterite | -ei | -eras | -et | -èram | -èratz | -eran | |
future | -arai | -aràs | -ará | -arem | -aretz | -arán | |
conditional | -ariá | -ariàs | -ariá | -ariam | -ariatz | -arián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | -èra | -èras | -èra | -eram | -eratz | -èran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | -e | -es | -e | -em | -etz | -en | |
imperfect | -èsse | -èsses | -èsse | -èssem | -èssetz | -èssen | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
-a | -em | -atz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | -ar | aver -at | |||||
gerund | -ant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | -at | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | -e | -es | -a | -am | -atz | -an | |
imperfect | -avi | -avas | -ava | -àvem | -àvetz | -avan | |
preterite | -ère | -ères | -èt | -eriam | -eriatz | -èron | |
future | -arai | -aràs | -arà | -arem | -aretz | -aràn | |
conditional | -ariáu | -ariás | -ariá | -ariam | -ariatz | -arián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | -èra | -èras | -èra | -eram | -eratz | -èran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | -e | -es | -e | -em | -etz | -an | |
imperfect | -èsse | -èsses | -èsse | -essiam | -essiatz | -èsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
-a | -em | -atz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Old Galician-Portuguese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Latin -āre, infinitive ending of first conjugation verbs.
Suffix
[edit]-ar
- forms verbs from nouns or adjectives — forms regular first-conjugation verbs in the impersonal infinitive
- forms the first-person singular infinitive of first-conjugation verbs
- forms the third-person singular infinitive of first-conjugation verbs
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | simple | -ar | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | infinitive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
gerund | simple | -ando | |||||||
compound | gerund of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
past participle | singular | plural | |||||||
masculine | -ado | -ados | |||||||
feminine | -ada | -adas | |||||||
present participle | -ante | -antes | |||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
indicative mood | eu ei |
tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee |
nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
eles elas | |||
simple tenses |
present | -o | -as | -a | -amos | -ades | -an | ||
imperfect | -ava | -avas | -ava | -avamos, -ávamos | -avades, -ávades | -avan | |||
preterite | -ei | -aste, -asche, -ache | -ou | -amos | -astes | -aron | |||
pluperfect | -ara | -aras | -ara | -aramos, -áramos | -arades, -árades | -aran | |||
future | -arei | -arás | -ará | -aremos | -aredes | -arán | |||
conditional | -aria | -arias | -aria | -ariamos, -aríamos | -ariades, -aríades | -arian | |||
compound tenses |
present perfect | present of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | |||||||
present imperfect | imperfect of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
past anterior | preterite of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
pluperfect | simple pluperfect of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
future perfect | future of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
subjunctive mood | eu ei |
tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee |
nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
eles elas | |||
simple tenses |
present | -e | -es | -e | -emos | -edes | -en | ||
preterite | -asse | -asses | -asse | -ássemos | -ássedes | -assen | |||
future | -ar | -ares | -ar | -armos | -ardes | -aren | |||
compound tenses |
present perfect | present subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | |||||||
pluperfect | preterite subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
future perfect | future subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
imperative mood | — | tu | vossa mercee | nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
— | |||
affirmative | — | -a | -e | -emos | -ade | — | |||
negative | — | non -es | non -e | non -emos | non -edes | — | |||
personal infinitive | eu ei |
tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee |
nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
eles elas | |||
-ar | -ares | -ar | -armos | -ardes | -aren | ||||
1 Its alternative spelling, aver, can be used as well. 2 Teer and ter were used too, though all 3 were less common than forms of "haver". |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Learned borrowing from Latin -āre.
Suffix
[edit]-ar
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Old Norse
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ar
- plural (clarification of this definition is needed)
- genitive (Can we add an example for this sense?)
Portuguese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese -ar, from Latin -āre, infinitive ending of first conjugation verbs.
Pronunciation
[edit]
- (Caipira) IPA(key): [ˈaɻ]
- (Northeast Brazil) IPA(key): [ˈa(ʁ)]
- Rhymes: (Portugal, São Paulo) -aɾ, (Brazil) -aʁ, (Brazil, with r-dropping) -a
Suffix
[edit]-ar (verb-forming suffix, first-person singular present -o, first-person singular preterite -ei, past participle -ado)
- forms verbs from nouns or adjectives — forms regular first-conjugation verbs in the impersonal infinitive
- forms the first-person singular infinitive of first-conjugation verbs
- forms the third-person singular infinitive of first-conjugation verbs
Conjugation
[edit]Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | -ar | |||||
Personal | -ar | -ares | -ar | -armos | -ardes | -arem |
Gerund | ||||||
-ando | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | -ado | -ados | ||||
Feminine | -ada | -adas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | -o | -as | -a | -amos | -ais | -am |
Imperfect | -ava | -avas | -ava | -ávamos | -áveis | -avam |
Preterite | -ei | -aste | -ou | -amos1, -ámos2 | -astes | -aram |
Pluperfect | -ara | -aras | -ara | -áramos | -áreis | -aram |
Future | -arei | -arás | -ará | -aremos | -areis | -arão |
Conditional | -aria | -arias | -aria | -aríamos | -aríeis | -ariam |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | -e | -es | -e | -emos | -eis | -em |
Imperfect | -asse | -asses | -asse | -ássemos | -ásseis | -assem |
Future | -ar | -ares | -ar | -armos | -ardes | -arem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | -a | -e | -emos | -ai | -em | |
Negative (não) | não -es | não -e | não -emos | não -eis | não -em |
1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Old Galician-Portuguese -ar, from Latin āre.
Pronunciation
[edit]
Suffix
[edit]-ar m or f (adjective-forming suffix, plural -ares)
Derived terms
[edit]Romanian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Latin -ārium, accusative of -ārius.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ar m (plural -ari)
- Added to a word to denote a profession or craft; -er
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | ||
nominative-accusative | -ar | -arul | -ari | -arii | |
genitive-dative | -ar | -arului | -ari | -arilor | |
vocative | -arule | -arilor |
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ařь.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ar (Cyrillic spelling -ар)
- Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a profession, a person who does something, or an animal who does something.
Usage notes
[edit]Nouns with this ending may use either the non-palatal declension (V sg. -e, I sg. -om) or the palatal declension (V sg. -u, I sg. -em), e.g. s pekarom or s pekarem.
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- Browne, Wayles (1993) “Serbo-Croat”, in Comrie, Bernard, Corbett, Greville G., editors, The Slavonic Languages, London and New York: Routledge, page 320
- Babić, Stjepan (2002), Tvorba riječi u hrvatskome književnome jeziku, 3rd revised edition, Zagreb: HAZU, page(s) 122, § 321
Slovene
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Slavic *-ařь.
Suffix
[edit]-ar m
- Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun.
Derived terms
[edit]Spanish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ar m or f (adjective-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -ares)
- indicates membership or status
- gránulo (“granule”) + -ar → granular (“granular”)
- testículo (“testicle”) + -ar → testicular (“testicular”)
Suffix
[edit]-ar m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ares)
- indicates a place where something is grown
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Inherited from Latin -āre, the infinitive ending of first conjugation verbs.
Suffix
[edit]-ar (verb-forming suffix, first-person singular present -o, first-person singular preterite -é, past participle -ado)
- forms first conjugation verbs indicating an action related to the root word
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | -ar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | -ando | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | -ado | -ada | |||||
plural | -ados | -adas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | -o | -astú -ásvos |
-a | -amos | -áis | -an | |
imperfect | -aba | -abas | -aba | -ábamos | -abais | -aban | |
preterite | -é | -aste | -ó | -amos | -asteis | -aron | |
future | -aré | -arás | -ará | -aremos | -aréis | -arán | |
conditional | -aría | -arías | -aría | -aríamos | -aríais | -arían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | -e | -estú -ésvos2 |
-e | -emos | -éis | -en | |
imperfect (ra) |
-ara | -aras | -ara | -áramos | -arais | -aran | |
imperfect (se) |
-ase | -ases | -ase | -ásemos | -aseis | -asen | |
future1 | -are | -ares | -are | -áremos | -areis | -aren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | -atú -ávos |
-e | -emos | -ad | -en | ||
negative | no -es | no -e | no -emos | no -éis | no -en |
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive -ar | |||||||
dative | -arme | -arte | -arle, -arse | -arnos | -aros | -arles, -arse | |
accusative | -arme | -arte | -arlo, -arla, -arse | -arnos | -aros | -arlos, -arlas, -arse | |
with gerund -ando | |||||||
dative | -ándome | -ándote | -ándole, -ándose | -ándonos | -ándoos | -ándoles, -ándose | |
accusative | -ándome | -ándote | -ándolo, -ándola, -ándose | -ándonos | -ándoos | -ándolos, -ándolas, -ándose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative -a | |||||||
dative | -ame | -ate | -ale | -anos | not used | -ales | |
accusative | -ame | -ate | -alo, -ala | -anos | not used | -alos, -alas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative -á | |||||||
dative | -ame | -ate | -ale | -anos | not used | -ales | |
accusative | -ame | -ate | -alo, -ala | -anos | not used | -alos, -alas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative -e | |||||||
dative | -eme | not used | -ele, -ese | -enos | not used | -eles | |
accusative | -eme | not used | -elo, -ela, -ese | -enos | not used | -elos, -elas | |
with first-person plural imperative -emos | |||||||
dative | not used | -émoste | -émosle | -émonos | -émoos | -émosles | |
accusative | not used | -émoste | -émoslo, -émosla | -émonos | -émoos | -émoslos, -émoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative -ad | |||||||
dative | -adme | not used | -adle | -adnos | -aos | -adles | |
accusative | -adme | not used | -adlo, -adla | -adnos | -aos | -adlos, -adlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative -en | |||||||
dative | -enme | not used | -enle | -ennos | not used | -enles, -ense | |
accusative | -enme | not used | -enlo, -enla | -ennos | not used | -enlos, -enlas, -ense |
See also
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “-ar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28
Swedish
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ar
- Suffix for the indefinite plural form of nouns of the second declension.
- Suffix for the present tense, active voice, indicative mood for the absolute majority of Swedish verbs.
Usage notes
[edit]- For verbs, it is more customary to identify the -a of this 'suffix' as belonging to the stem of the verb, and thus only consider -r to be the suffix. However, the verbs which in present tense ends in the letters -ar are commonly called -ar-verbs, as to differentiate them from -er-verbs and verbs which don't end in -a in infinitive.
- See also the usage notes for -r.
Turkish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Form of -er after the vowels A / I / O / U.
Suffix
[edit]-ar
- Simple present and aorist tense marker.
Etymology 2
[edit]Form of -er after the vowels A / I / O / U.
Suffix
[edit]-ar
- Makes adjectives out of verbs.
- Makes nouns out of verbs.
Etymology 3
[edit]Post-consonantal form of -er after the vowels A / I / O / U.
Suffix
[edit]-ar
- Derives distributive numbers.
Etymology 4
[edit]From Ottoman Turkish ـر (-r, -er, -ar), from Proto-Turkic *-gar.[1]
Suffix
[edit]-ar
- Derives Intransitive verbs from names of colors.
- Derives Transitive verbs from nouns.
References
[edit]Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Brythonic *-ar, from Proto-Celtic *-aros, from Proto-Indo-European *-Hrós.[1] (See byddar (“deaf”).)
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ar
- adjectival suffix
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 153 i (4)
Further reading
[edit]- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-ar”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
- English terms derived from Latin
- English lemmas
- English suffixes
- English terms derived from French
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- English clippings
- en:Stars
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- Azerbaijani non-lemma forms
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- Basque lemmas
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- Basque terms with usage examples
- Catalan terms inherited from Latin
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- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan lemmas
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- Catalan noun-forming suffixes
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- Catalan first conjugation verbs
- Franco-Provençal terms inherited from Latin
- Franco-Provençal terms derived from Latin
- Franco-Provençal lemmas
- Franco-Provençal suffixes
- ORB, broad
- Galician terms inherited from Latin
- Galician terms derived from Latin
- Galician lemmas
- Galician suffixes
- Galician adjective-forming suffixes
- Galician masculine suffixes
- Galician feminine suffixes
- Galician suffixes with multiple genders
- Galician verb-forming suffixes
- Galician verbs ending in -ar
- German terms derived from Latin
- German doublets
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- Ngarrindjeri lemmas
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- Norwegian Nynorsk terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Old Norse
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- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
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- Occitan terms inherited from Old Occitan
- Occitan terms derived from Old Occitan
- Occitan terms inherited from Latin
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- Occitan terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Old Galician-Portuguese terms derived from Latin
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- Old Galician-Portuguese terms inherited from Latin
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- Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Italic
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- Portuguese 1-syllable words
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- Portuguese 2-syllable words
- Rhymes:Portuguese/aɾ
- Rhymes:Portuguese/aɾ/1 syllable
- Rhymes:Portuguese/aʁ
- Rhymes:Portuguese/aʁ/1 syllable
- Rhymes:Portuguese/a
- Rhymes:Portuguese/a/1 syllable
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese suffixes
- Portuguese verb-forming suffixes
- Portuguese verbs ending in -ar
- Portuguese adjective-forming suffixes
- Portuguese masculine suffixes
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- Romanian terms with archaic senses
- Romanian terms derived from Latin
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- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
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- Slovene terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
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- Spanish 1-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/aɾ
- Rhymes:Spanish/aɾ/1 syllable
- Spanish terms inherited from Latin
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- Spanish suffixes
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- Spanish epicene suffixes
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- Spanish countable suffixes
- Spanish verb-forming suffixes
- Spanish verbs ending in -ar
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