ymddeol
Welsh
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]ym- + deol (“to banish”). The latter component is from Proto-Celtic *de-eks-el (“to drive out”), from *de- + *exs- (“ex-”) + *ela- (“to drive”), the latter which is from Proto-Indo-European *h₁elh₂- (“to drive, move, go, start”) and which is cognate with Old Irish ad-ellaim, Ancient Greek ἐλαύνω (elaúnō, “to drive, set in motion”), Proto-Germanic *lanō (“lane”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]ymddeol (first-person singular present ymddeolaf)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | ymddeolaf | ymddeoli | ymddeol, ymddeola | ymddeolwn | ymddeolwch | ymddeolant | ymddeolir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
ymddeolwn | ymddeolit | ymddeolai | ymddeolem | ymddeolech | ymddeolent | ymddeolid | |
| preterite | ymddeolais | ymddeolaist | ymddeolodd | ymddeolasom | ymddeolasoch | ymddeolasant | ymddeolwyd | |
| pluperfect | ymddeolaswn | ymddeolasit | ymddeolasai | ymddeolasem | ymddeolasech | ymddeolasent | ymddeolasid, ymddeolesid | |
| present subjunctive | ymddeolwyf | ymddeolych | ymddeolo | ymddeolom | ymddeoloch | ymddeolont | ymddeoler | |
| imperative | — | ymddeol, ymddeola | ymddeoled | ymddeolwn | ymddeolwch | ymddeolent | ymddeoler | |
| verbal noun | ymddeol | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | ymddeoledig ymddeoladwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | ymddeola i, ymddeolaf i | ymddeoli di | ymddeolith o/e/hi, ymddeoliff e/hi | ymddeolwn ni | ymddeolwch chi | ymddeolan nhw |
| conditional | ymddeolwn i, ymddeolswn i | ymddeolet ti, ymddeolset ti | ymddeolai fo/fe/hi, ymddeolsai fo/fe/hi | ymddeolen ni, ymddeolsen ni | ymddeolech chi, ymddeolsech chi | ymddeolen nhw, ymddeolsen nhw |
| preterite | ymddeolais i, ymddeoles i | ymddeolaist ti, ymddeolest ti | ymddeolodd o/e/hi | ymddeolon ni | ymddeoloch chi | ymddeolon nhw |
| imperative | — | ymddeola | — | — | ymddeolwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Mutation
[edit]| radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
|---|---|---|---|
| ymddeol | unchanged | unchanged | hymddeol |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
References
[edit]- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ymddeol”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies