vos

Inherited from Dutch vos, from Middle Dutch vos, from Old Dutch fus, vus, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz.

• IPA^(key): /fɔs/

• Audio:

  (file)

vos (plural vosse, diminutive vossie)

1. fox, carnivore of the tribe Vulpini

• skoolvos

From Latin vos. Cognate to Catalan us, Spanish os and French vous.

• IPA^(key): /ˈbos/
• Rhymes: -os
• Syllabification: vos

vos

1. you (second-person plural direct pronoun)
2. (to) you (second-person plural indirect pronoun)

• tos

Inherited from Latin vōs.

• (Central) IPA^(key): /bus/ (always unstressed)
• (Balearic) IPA^(key): /vus/ (always unstressed)
• (Valencia) IPA^(key): /vos/ (always unstressed)

vos (enclitic, contracted us, proclitic us)

1. you (plural, direct or indirect object)

• -vos is the full (plena) form of the pronoun. It is normally used after verbs ending with a consonant or ⟨u⟩.

  Heu de quedar-vos aquí. ― You must stay here.

• “vos” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
• “vos”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “vos” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

• IPA^(key): [ˈvos]

vos f

1. genitive plural of vosa

vos

1. (dialectal) Pronunciation spelling of os.
   • 1926, Adolph Stender, Skovtrold, Lindhardt og Ringhof, →ISBN:

     Næ, la' vos bare inte skave vos! (...) men saa øver vi vos imens! Naar han ser vos gennem Vindvet, kommer han nok herud ...

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1973, Bent Rying, Alice Kennebo, København og Københavns amt:

     Han har sæl brunget desse ur te vos; ...

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1906, Maglekilde fortæller: humoristiske fortællinger:

     Jeg ka' kons mindes een eneste Gang a' han roste vos, – de' var en Da' da han ha'de trukket vos rigtig igjennem i Geveereksersis; — — der var inte en tør Trevl paa vos, saatten ha'de vi maattet hænge i en tre, fire Timmer i et Slav.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

• IPA^(key): /vɔs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: vos
• Rhymes: -ɔs

Inherited from Middle Dutch vos, from Old Dutch fus, vus, from Proto-West Germanic *fuhs, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz.

vos m (plural vossen, diminutive vosje n, feminine vossin)

1. fox, carnivore of the tribe Vulpini
2. (particularly) red fox (Vulpes vulpes)

   Synonyms: gewone vos, rode vos

3. fox fur
4. a crafty, ingenious person

   Koen is een lepe vos, die laat zich niet in de luren leggen.

   Conrad is a sly fox who does not allow himself to be hoodwinked.

5. horse with red or red-brown fur

• Afrikaans: vos
• Jersey Dutch: vośe
• Negerhollands: vos

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

vos

1. inflection of vossen:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
   3. imperative

• “vos” in Woordenlijst Nederlandse Taal – Officiële Spelling, Nederlandse Taalunie. [the official spelling word list for the Dutch language]

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese vos, from Latin vōs.

vos m pl or f pl

1. Second person plural nominative pronoun; you
2. (Mañegu) First person plural dative and accusative pronoun; you

• In Mañegu voshotrus and voshotras are more commonly used as subject pronouns.
• Takes the form -vus when used as an object pronoun suffixed to an impersonal verb form.

• Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎^[1], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

Inherited from Latin vōs (nominative or accusative).

vos (postpositive -vos) (ORB, broad)

1. you (second-person plural nominative, accusative, dative, or tonic)

• se vos plét

• vous in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
• vos in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

Inherited from Old French vos, from Latin vostros (“your, plural accusative”).

• IPA^(key): /vo/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -o
• Homophones: veau, veaux

vos pl

1. plural of votre; your

   Vos parents sont très gentils.

   Your parents are very nice.

• “vos”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

vos

1. inflection of vós:
   1. accusative/dative
   2. reflexive

Inherited from Old Norse vás, which is related to vaska (“to wash”).

• IPA^(key): /vɔs/

vos n (genitive singular voss, nominative plural vos)

1. wetness, toil, fatigue (from storm, sea, frost, bad weather)

Declension of vos
n-s	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	vos	vosið	vos	vosin
accusative	vos	vosið	vos	vosin
dative	vosi	vosinu	vosum	vosunum
genitive	voss	vossins	vosa	vosanna

• Mallet, P. H. (1847). Northern Antiquities, Or, an Historical Account of the Manners, Customs, Religion, and Laws, Maritime Expeditions and Discoveries, Language and Literature of the Ancient Scandinavians ... with a Translation of the Prose Edda from the Original Old Norse Text ... to which is Added, an Abstract of the Eyrbyggja Saga. United Kingdom: Bohn, p. 509

From Latin vōs (“you, plural”).

vos

1. you (plural)

From Old Spanish vosotros.

• IPA^(key): /vos/

vos (Latin spelling)

1. you (formal singular, nominative and accusative)
2. accusative of vozotros
3. accusative of vozotras

From Proto-Italic *wōs, from the oblique case forms of Proto-Indo-European *yū́.

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /u̯oːs/, [u̯oːs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /vos/, [vɔs]

vōs

1. you, ye, you all; nominative/accusative/vocative plural of tū
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.200–202:

     “Vōs et Scyllaeam rabiem penitusque sonantīs
     accēstis scopulōs, vōs et Cyclōpēa saxa
     expertī [...].”

     “You neared mad Scylla and heard the howls within her cliffs, and you experienced the rocks of the Cyclops.”
     (Note: “accestis” is a syncopated form of “accessistis.” The “vos et … vos et” repetition exemplifies anaphora.)

When used in the plural genitive, vestrī is used when it is the object of an action, especially when used with a gerund or gerundive. When used in such a construction, the gerund or gerundive takes on the masculine genitive singular. Vestrum is used as a partitive genitive, used in constructions such as (one of you).

• vōbīscum
• vōsmet

• “vos”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “vos”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• vos in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• vos in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • picture to yourselves the circumstances: ante oculos vestros (not vobis) res gestas proponite
    
  • not to be prolix: ne diutius vos demorer
    

Cognate with Proto-Slavic *(j)edъva (“barely”); see there for more.^[1]

• IPA^(key): [vos]

võs (not comparable)

1. hardly, barely

From Old Dutch fus, vus, from Proto-West Germanic *fuhs.

vos m

1. fox, red fox

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

• vossinne

• Dutch: vos
  • Afrikaans: vos
  • Jersey Dutch: vośe
  • Negerhollands: vos
• Limburgish: vósj

• “vos”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “vos”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

From Old Occitan vos, from Latin vōs (“you, plural”).

• IPA^(key): /vus/

• Audio:

  (file)

vos

1. to you (second-person plural indirect object pronoun)
2. yourselves (second-person plural reflexive pronoun)

• vous
• vus

From Latin vōs (“you, plural”).

• IPA^(key): /vus/

vos

1. you (second-person plural or second-person singular polite subject pronoun)
   • c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:

     Que vos puissiez cest blasme estaindre

     That you may be able to get rid of this blame

2. your (second-person plural or second-person singular polite possessive pronoun)
3. yourself (second-person plural or second-person singular polite reflexive pronoun)
4. you (second-person plural or second-person singular polite object pronoun)
   • c. 1176, Chrétien de Troyes, Cligès:

     qant je vos voi de tel meniere

     when I see you in such a state

• Middle French: vous
  • French: vous
• Walloon: vos

From Latin vōs (“you, plural”).

vos

1. you (plural or polite form)

• Occitan: vos

• vus

From Latin vōx.

• IPA^(key): /vus/

vos f (plural vos)

1. voice

From Latin vōs.

• Hyphenation: vos

vos

1. objective of vós

Portuguese personal pronouns (edit)
Number	Person	Nominative (subject)		Accusative (direct object)		Dative (indirect object)	Prepositional		Prepositional with com		Non-declining
		m	f	m	f	m and f	m	f	m	f	m	f
Singular	First	eu		me			mim		comigo
	Second	tu		te			ti		contigo		você
											o senhor	a senhora
	Third	ele	ela	o (lo, no)	a (la, na)	lhe	ele	ela	com ele	com ela	o mesmo	a mesma
				se			si		consigo
Plural	First	nós		nos			nós		connosco (Portugal) conosco (Brazil)		a gente
	Second	vós		vos			vós		convosco, com vós		vocês
											os senhores	as senhoras
	Third	eles	elas	os (los, nos)	as (las, nas)	lhes	eles	elas	com eles	com elas	os mesmos	as mesmas
				se			si		consigo
Indefinite				se			si		consigo

• bos

From Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs, from the oblique case forms of Proto-Indo-European *yū́ (“you”).

• IPA^(key): /bos/, /vos/ (in certain Nuorese towns)

vos (possessive vostru)

1. you (plural), ye

   Synonyms: vois, vosateros

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ǫsъ.

• IPA^(key): /ʋóːs/

vọ̑s m inan

1. (obsolete) hair
2. (obsolete) moustache

• “vos”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2024

Inherited from Latin vōs (“you, plural”), from Old Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs.

• IPA^(key): /ˈbos/ [ˈbos]
• Rhymes: -os
• Syllabification: vos

vos

1. (archaic) an elevated form of you, either singular or plural
2. (parts of Latin America, Chavacano-speaking areas in the Philippines) a form of you, singular

   Synonym: tú

• Chavacano: vos (vulgar)

• “vos”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28

Inherited from Old French vos, from Latin vōs (“you, plural”), from Proto-Italic *wōs.

• IPA^(key): /vɔ/

vos

1. you (singular)
2. you (plural)

• (plural): vozôtes