vahva

From Proto-Finnic *vahva, compare Estonian vahva. Further origin unknown; comparisons to Hungarian vastag (“thick”) have not been accepted.

• IPA^(key): /ˈʋɑhʋɑ/, [ˈʋɑ̝xʋɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ɑhʋɑ
• Hyphenation^(key): vah‧va

vahva (comparative vahvempi, superlative vahvin)

1. strong, powerful (capable of exerting or withstanding great physical force; possessing power, might, or strength)

   Synonym: voimakas

   Antonym: heikko

   vahva mies ― a strong man

   vahva magneetti ― a strong magnet

   vahva asema ― a strong position

   olla vahvoilla ― to be in a strong position, have the edge

2. strong (capable of withstanding great physical force)

   Synonyms: luja, kestävä, tukeva, vankka

   Antonym: heikko

   vahva liitos ― a strong joint

   vahva kangas ― a strong fabric

3. strong (highly stimulating to the senses)

   Synonyms: väkevä, tuikea, tuju, tymäkkä, voimakas, kipakka (smell and taste), kova (hearing), (slang) stydi

4. strong, powerful (having a powerful effect, as of a chemical; not dilute; containing the active ingredient in great quantity)

   vahva lääke ― a strong medicine

   vahva kahvi ― strong coffee

5. strong, convincing (e.g. of evidence)

   Antonym: heikko

6. thick, sturdy (of a layer of material such as a wall or fabric; not thin or fragile)

   Antonym: heikko

7. strong (determined; unyielding)

   Synonym: luja

8. rich (e.g. of soil: containing large amounts of nutrients)
9. thick, dense (e.g. of hair or smoke)
10. (chemistry) strong (that completely ionizes into anions and cations in a solution)
11. (grammar) strong (fortis, of a grade in consonant gradation)
12. (grammar) strong (inflecting in a different manner than the one called weak, such as Germanic verbs)

• “vahva”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-04

From Proto-Finnic *vahva. Cognates include Finnish vahva and Estonian vahva.

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈʋɑhʋɑ/, [ˈʋɑhʋ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈʋɑhʋɑ/, [ˈʋɑhʋɑ]
• Rhymes: -ɑhʋ, -ɑhʋɑ
• Hyphenation: vah‧va

vahva (comparative vahvemp)

1. strong
2. (grammar) strong

   vahva steeppeni ― strong grade

   • 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎^[2], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 20:

     Vahvan steeppenin t vaihtui l-aa.

     The t of the strong grade is changed into an l.

3. (phonology) primary

   vahva paino ― primary stress

   • 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎^[3], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 11:

     Paino voip ollaa vahva, poolivahva, ja slaaboi, siis sitä voip sannoa i painottomaks.

     Stress can be primary, secondary, and tertiary, thus this can also be called unstressed.

Declension of vahva (type 3/kana, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	vahva	vahvat
genitive	vahvan	vahvoin
partitive	vahvaa	vahvoja
illative	vahvaa	vahvoi
inessive	vahvaas	vahvois
elative	vahvast	vahvoist
allative	vahvalle	vahvoille
adessive	vahvaal	vahvoil
ablative	vahvalt	vahvoilt
translative	vahvaks	vahvoiks
essive	vahvanna, vahvaan	vahvoinna, vahvoin
exessive1)	vahvant	vahvoint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

• (having physical strength): See Thesaurus:vahva

• (grammar): slaaboi
• (having physical strength): See Thesaurus:heikko

• (phonology): poolivahva, slaaboi

• V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎^[4], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 57
• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 630
• Olga I. Konkova, Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку‎^[5], →ISBN, page 76