torrua

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *torudak, equivalent to tora (“quarrel”) +‎ -ua. Cognates include Finnish torua.

Pronunciation

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈtoruɑ/, [ˈto̞rːo̞]
(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈtoruɑ/, [ˈto̞rˑuɑ]
Rhymes: -oroː, -oruɑ
Hyphenation: tor‧ru‧a

Verb

torrua

(transitive) to scold

Conjugation

Conjugation of torrua (type 1/ampua, no gradation, gemination)
Indikativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	torun	en toru	1st singular	oon torunt, oon torunut	en oo torunt, en oo torunut
2nd singular	torut	et toru	2nd singular	oot torunt, oot torunut	et oo torunt, et oo torunut
3rd singular	torruu	ei toru	3rd singular	ono torunt, ono torunut	ei oo torunt, ei oo torunut
1st plural	torumma	emmä toru	1st plural	oomma toruneet	emmä oo toruneet
2nd plural	torutta	että toru	2nd plural	ootta toruneet	että oo toruneet
3rd plural	torruut¹⁾, toruvat²⁾, torutaa	evät toru, ei toruta	3rd plural	ovat toruneet	evät oo toruneet, ei oo toruttu
impersonal	torutaa	ei toruta	impersonal	ono toruttu	ei oo toruttu
Imperfekta			Pluskvamperfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	toruin	en torunt, en torunut	1st singular	olin torunt, olin torunut	en olt torunt, en olt torunut
2nd singular	toruit	et torunt, et torunut	2nd singular	olit torunt, olit torunut	et olt torunt, et olt torunut
3rd singular	torui	ei torunt, ei torunut	3rd singular	oli torunt, oli torunut	ei olt torunt, ei olt torunut
1st plural	toruimma	emmä toruneet	1st plural	olimma toruneet	emmä olleet toruneet
2nd plural	toruitta	että toruneet	2nd plural	olitta toruneet	että olleet toruneet
3rd plural	torruit¹⁾, toruivat²⁾, toruttii	evät toruneet, ei toruttu	3rd plural	olivat toruneet	evät olleet toruneet, ei olt toruttu
impersonal	toruttii	ei toruttu	impersonal	oli toruttu	ei olt toruttu
Konditsionala
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	toruisin	en toruis	1st singular	olisin torunt, olisin torunut	en olis torunt, en olis torunut
2nd singular	toruisit, torruist¹⁾	et toruis	2nd singular	olisit torunt, olisit torunut	et olis torunt, et olis torunut
3rd singular	toruis	ei toruis	3rd singular	olis torunt, olis torunut	ei olis torunt, ei olis torunut
1st plural	toruisimma	emmä toruis	1st plural	olisimma toruneet	emmä olis toruneet
2nd plural	toruisitta	että toruis	2nd plural	olisitta toruneet	että olis toruneet
3rd plural	toruisiit¹⁾, toruisivat²⁾, toruttais	evät toruis, ei toruttais	3rd plural	olisivat toruneet	evät olis toruneet, ei olis toruttu
impersonal	toruttais	ei toruttais	impersonal	olis toruttu	ei olis toruttu
Imperativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	—	—	1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	toru	elä toru	2nd singular	oo torunt, oo torunut	elä oo torunt, elä oo torunut
3rd singular	torukoo	elköö toruko	3rd singular	olkoo torunt, olkoo torunut	elköö olko torunt, elköö olko torunut
1st plural	—	—	1st plural	—	—
2nd plural	torukaa	elkää toruko	2nd plural	olkaa toruneet	elkää olko toruneet
3rd plural	torukoot	elkööt toruko, elköö toruttako	3rd plural	olkoot toruneet	elkööt olko toruneet, elköö olko toruttu
impersonal	toruttakkoo	elköö toruttako	impersonal	olkoo toruttu	elköö olko toruttu
Potentsiala
Preesens
	positive	negative
1st singular	torunen	en torune
2nd singular	torunet	et torune
3rd singular	torunoo	ei torune
1st plural	torunemma	emmä torune
2nd plural	torunetta	että torune
3rd plural	torunoot	evät torune, ei toruttane
impersonal	toruttannoo	ei toruttane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat			Partisipat
				active	passive
1st		torrua	present	toruva	toruttava
2nd	inessive	torujees	past	torunt, torunut	toruttu
2nd	instructive	torruen	¹⁾ Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. ²⁾ Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. ^) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (torukaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. ^) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka^?/-kä^?) to the indicative ^*) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka^?/-kä^?) or -kse* to either the indicative or the potential ^***) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-*, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd	illative	torumaa
	inessive	torumaas
	elative	torumast
	abessive	torumata
4th	nominative	torumiin
	partitive	torumista, torumist

Synonyms

narria, moittia, kankaroittaa, laittaa

References

Fedor Tumansky (1790) “торва”, in Опытъ повѣствованїя о дѣянїях, положенїи, состоянїи и раздѣленїи Санкт-Петербургской губернїи [An experiment of an account of the acts, location, condition and division of the Saint Petersburg gubernia], Краткїй словарь ижерскаго, финскаго, эстонскаго, чюдскаго, и ямскаго нарѣчїя съ россїйскимъ переводомъ [A short dictionary of the Ingrian, Finnish, Estonian, Chud and Yamtian dialects with a Russian translation], page 687
Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 593

Votic

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *torudak.

Pronunciation

(Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA^(key): /ˈtoruɑ̯/, [ˈtorːuɑ̯]
Rhymes: -oruɑ̯
Hyphenation: tor‧rua

Verb

torrua

to scold, rebuke, criticize

Inflection

Conjugation of torrua (type II-1/kuttsua, no gradation, gemination)
Indicative
Present			Perfect
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	torun	en toru	1st singular	õõn torunnu	en õõ torunnu
2nd singular	torud	ed toru	2nd singular	õõd torunnu	ed õõ torunnu
3rd singular	torub	eb toru	3rd singular	on torunnu	eb õõ torunnu
1st plural	torummõ	emmä toru	1st plural	õõmmõ torunnu	emmä õõ torunnu
2nd plural	toruttõ	että toru	2nd plural	õõttõ torunnu	että õõ torunnu
3rd plural	toruta	eväd toru	3rd plural	õlla toruttu	eväd õõ toruttu
impersonal	toruta	eväd toru	impersonal	õlla toruttu	eväd õõ toruttu
Imperfect			Pluperfect
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	toruzin	en torunnu	1st singular	õlin torunnu	—
2nd singular	toruzid	ed torunnu	2nd singular	õlid torunnu	—
3rd singular	toru	eb torunnu	3rd singular	õli torunnu	—
1st plural	toruzimmõ	emmä torunnu	1st plural	õlimmõ torunnu	—
2nd plural	toruzittõ	että torunnu	2nd plural	õlittõ torunnu	—
3rd plural	torutti	eväd toruttu	3rd plural	õlti toruttu	—
impersonal	torutti	eväd toruttu	impersonal	õlti toruttu	—
Conditional
Present			Perfect
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	toruizin	en toruizʹ	1st singular	õllõizin torunnu	en õllõizʹ torunnu
2nd singular	toruizid	ed toruizʹ	2nd singular	õllõizid torunnu	ed õllõizʹ torunnu
3rd singular	toruizʹ	eb toruizʹ	3rd singular	õllõizʹ torunnu	eb õllõizʹ torunnu
1st plural	toruizimmõ	emmä toruizʹ	1st plural	õllõizimmõ torunnu	emmä õllõizʹ torunnu
2nd plural	toruizittõ	että toruizʹ	2nd plural	õllõizittõ torunnu	että õllõizʹ torunnu
3rd plural	toruttaizʹ	eväd toruttaizʹ	3rd plural	õltaizʹ toruttu	eväd õltaizʹ toruttu
impersonal	toruttaizʹ	eväd toruttaizʹ	impersonal	õltaizʹ toruttu	eväd õltaizʹ toruttu
Imperative
Present
	positive	negative
1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	toru	elä toru
3rd singular	torugo¹⁾	elko torugo¹⁾
1st plural	—	—
2nd plural	toruga	elka toruga
3rd plural	torugod¹⁾	—
impersonal	—	—
Nominal forms
Infinitives			Participles
				active	passive
1st		torrua	present	torujõ²⁾	—
2nd	illative	toruma	past	torunnu	toruttu
	inessive	torumõz	¹⁾ using la is more common ²⁾ also used as the agent noun
	elative	torumõssõ
	abessive	torumõttõ

References

Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “torua”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn