tor

• (US) IPA^(key): /tɔɹ/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /tɔː/
• (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA^(key): /toː/

  • Audio (General Australian):

    (file)

• (Scotland) IPA^(key): /tɔːɹ/
• Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)
• Homophones: torr; tore (horse–hoarse merger); tour (UK, pour–poor merger); taw (non-rhotic)

From Middle English tor, torr-, from Old English torr, tor (“a high rock, lofty hill, tower”), possibly from Proto-Celtic, compare Old Welsh *tor (“hill”); ultimately from Latin turris (“tower”), from Ancient Greek τύρρις (túrrhis), τύρσις (túrsis, “tower”), of non-Indo-European origin.

Cognate with Cornish tor, Scottish Gaelic tòrr, Welsh tŵr, Irish tor, French tor, and Romansch tor/tur/tuor; the first four are Celtic (from Latin turris), the last two directly from Latin turris (from Ancient Greek τύρρις (túrrhis) and τύρσις (túrsis)). It is not clear whether the Celtic forms were borrowed from Old English or vice versa. Doublet of tourelle, tower, and turret.

tor (plural tors)

1. (geology) A craggy outcrop of rock on the summit of a hill, created by the erosion and weathering of rock.
   • 1855, Charles Kingsley, Westward Ho!: Or, The Voyages and Adventures of Sir Amyas Leigh, Knight, […], volume I, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Macmillan & Co., →OCLC, page 183:

     Bursdon and Welsford were then, as now, a rolling range of dreary moors, unbroken by tor or tree, […]

   • 1901 August – 1902 April, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, chapter 9, in The Hound of the Baskervilles: Another Adventure of Sherlock Holmes, London: George Newnes, […], published 1902, →OCLC:

     The moon was low upon the right, and the jagged pinnacle of a granite tor stood up against the lower curve of its silver disc.

2. (South-West England) A hill with such rock formation.
   • 2008, Lydia Joyce, Shadows of the Night‎^[1], Signet Eclipse, →ISBN, page 242:

     She had slipped the letters into her pocket next to the packet of antique documents and had taken an umbrella—as the sky was ominous out over the distant tors—and strolled around the manor house and down the road toward the village.

tor (comparative more tor, superlative most tor)

1. Alternative form of tore ("hard, difficult; strong; rich").

• ORT, OTR, ROT, RTO, TRO, ort, rot

From Dutch tor, from Middle Dutch torre. Compare the probably cognate Germanic etymology of English dor.

• IPA^(key): /tɔr/

• Audio:

  (file)

tor (plural torre)

1. beetle

• tornu

From Latin tornō. Compare Romanian turna, torn.

tor first-singular present indicative (third-person singular present indicative tore, past participle turate)

1. to return, come back
2. to pour
3. to respond
4. to rethink

• turari
• turat
• arãstor

• vers

Other scripts

Cyrillic		تور
Abjad

Inherited from Common Turkic *tor. Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (tor, “net”), Southern Altai тор (tor, “net”).

• Audio:

  (file)

tor (definite accusative toru, plural torlar)

1. net

Declension of tor
	singular	plural
nominative	tor	torlar
definite accusative	toru	torları
dative	tora	torlara
locative	torda	torlarda
ablative	tordan	torlardan
definite genitive	torun	torların

Possessive forms of tor
	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	torum	torlarım
sənin (“your”)	torun	torların
onun (“his/her/its”)	toru	torları
bizim (“our”)	torumuz	torlarımız
sizin (“your”)	torunuz	torlarınız
onların (“their”)	toru or torları	torları
	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	torumu	torlarımı
sənin (“your”)	torunu	torlarını
onun (“his/her/its”)	torunu	torlarını
bizim (“our”)	torumuzu	torlarımızı
sizin (“your”)	torunuzu	torlarınızı
onların (“their”)	torunu or torlarını	torlarını
	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	toruma	torlarıma
sənin (“your”)	toruna	torlarına
onun (“his/her/its”)	toruna	torlarına
bizim (“our”)	torumuza	torlarımıza
sizin (“your”)	torunuza	torlarınıza
onların (“their”)	toruna or torlarına	torlarına
	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	torumda	torlarımda
sənin (“your”)	torunda	torlarında
onun (“his/her/its”)	torunda	torlarında
bizim (“our”)	torumuzda	torlarımızda
sizin (“your”)	torunuzda	torlarınızda
onların (“their”)	torunda or torlarında	torlarında
	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	torumdan	torlarımdan
sənin (“your”)	torundan	torlarından
onun (“his/her/its”)	torundan	torlarından
bizim (“our”)	torumuzdan	torlarımızdan
sizin (“your”)	torunuzdan	torlarınızdan
onların (“their”)	torundan or torlarından	torlarından
	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	torumun	torlarımın
sənin (“your”)	torunun	torlarının
onun (“his/her/its”)	torunun	torlarının
bizim (“our”)	torumuzun	torlarımızın
sizin (“your”)	torunuzun	torlarınızın
onların (“their”)	torunun or torlarının	torlarının

From Middle Breton torr, teur, from Old Breton tar, from Proto-Celtic *torr-V- (“belly”), of uncertain origin; according to Matasovic, of non-Indo-European origin, but according to MacBain, from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to turn, rub”), cognate with Proto-Germanic *þarmaz (“guts, intestines”), Ancient Greek τάμισος (támisos, “rennet”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈtoːr/

tor m (plural torioù, collective toroù)

1. (anatomy) belly, stomach, abdomen

• kof

tor

1. Hard mutation of dor.

• Matasović, Ranko (2009) “torrV-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 385
• MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “tor”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎^[2], Stirling, →ISBN, page tàrr

From Middle High German tor, from Old High German tor, from Proto-Germanic *durą (“large door; gate”). Cognate with German Tor, English door.

tor n (Luserna)

1. gate, gateway
2. large doorway

• Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

• IPA^(key): /toːr/, [tˢoːˀɐ̯]

tor

1. present of to

From Middle Dutch torre, of uncertain origin, possibly an imitative Middle Dutch base turren (“buzz”). Compare cognate West Frisian tuorre, toarre.

• IPA^(key): /tɔr/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: tor
• Rhymes: -ɔr

tor f (plural torren, diminutive torretje n)

1. beetle, insect of the order Coleoptera

• kever

• Afrikaans: tor

• van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “tor”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

• rot

• IPA^(key): [ˈtor]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: tor
• Rhymes: -or

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

tor (plural torok)

1. (literary, archaic or folksy) meal, repast, feast (ceremonial meal held after weddings, funerals, or other special occasions)

   Synonym: lakoma

   halotti tor ― funeral feast

   disznótor ― meal on pig-killing day (literally, “pig meal”)

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	tor	torok
accusative	tort	torokat
dative	tornak	toroknak
instrumental	torral	torokkal
causal-final	torért	torokért
translative	torrá	torokká
terminative	torig	torokig
essive-formal	torként	torokként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	torban	torokban
superessive	toron	torokon
adessive	tornál	toroknál
illative	torba	torokba
sublative	torra	torokra
allative	torhoz	torokhoz
elative	torból	torokból
delative	torról	torokról
ablative	tortól	toroktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	toré	toroké
non-attributive possessive - plural	toréi	torokéi

Possessive forms of tor
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	torom	toraim
2nd person sing.	torod	toraid
3rd person sing.	tora	torai
1st person plural	torunk	toraink
2nd person plural	torotok	toraitok
3rd person plural	toruk	toraik

• disznótor

From Latin thorax, from Ancient Greek θώραξ (thṓrax, “breastplate, chest”), created during the Hungarian language reform, which took place in the 18th–19th centuries.

tor (plural torok)

1. (zoology) thorax (of an arthropod)

   Coordinate terms: fej, potroh

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	tor	torok
accusative	tort	torokat
dative	tornak	toroknak
instrumental	torral	torokkal
causal-final	torért	torokért
translative	torrá	torokká
terminative	torig	torokig
essive-formal	torként	torokként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	torban	torokban
superessive	toron	torokon
adessive	tornál	toroknál
illative	torba	torokba
sublative	torra	torokra
allative	torhoz	torokhoz
elative	torból	torokból
delative	torról	torokról
ablative	tortól	toroktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	toré	toroké
non-attributive possessive - plural	toréi	torokéi

Possessive forms of tor
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	torom	toraim
2nd person sing.	torod	toraid
3rd person sing.	tora	torai
1st person plural	torunk	toraink
2nd person plural	torotok	toraitok
3rd person plural	toruk	toraik

• (ceremonial meal): tor in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• (thorax): tor in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

• IPA^(key): /t̪ˠɔɾˠ/
• (Munster) IPA^(key): /t̪ˠʌɾˠ/^[1]

From Old Irish tor.

tor m (genitive singular toir, nominative plural toir)

1. bush, shrub; clump, tuft

   Synonym: tom

2. head (of cabbage)

   Synonym: ceann

• ó thor go tom (“from pillar to post”)
• tor caprais (“caper”)
• tor nimhe (“poison oak”)

Probably from Proto-Celtic (Cornish tor, Scottish Gaelic tòrr), possibly borrowed from Old English torr (“a high rock, tower”), though the reverse is more likely; all ultimately from Latin turris (“tower”) and of non-Indo-European origin.^[2]

More at English tor and tor. Also compare Latin Taurini.

tor m (genitive singular toir, nominative plural toir)

1. (geography) tall rock; steep rocky height
2. (literary) tower; towering warrior, pillar (of battle)

tor m

1. Alternative form of toradh

tor m (genitive singular toir, nominative plural toir)

1. Alternative form of tarathar

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
tor	thor	dtor
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “tor”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• “tor”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024

From Latin turris, turrim.

• Audio (Gascony):

  (file)

tor f (plural tors)

1. tower

   Synonym: torre

2. (chess) rook

Chess pieces in Occitan · pèças d'escacs (layout · text)
rèi	rèina	tor	fòl	cavalièr	pion

tor m

1. Alternative form of torr

From Latin turrim, from Ancient Greek τύρρις (túrrhis), τύρσις (túrsis).

• tur, tour, toer

• IPA^(key): /ˈtuɾ/
• Rhymes: -ur

tor oblique singular, f (oblique plural tors, nominative singular tor, nominative plural tors)

1. tower

From Latin taurus.

• IPA^(key): /tɔr/
• Rhymes: -ɔr

tor oblique singular, m (oblique plural tors, nominative singular tors, nominative plural tor)

1. bull (bovine)

• torel (whence French taureau)

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɔr/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔr
• Syllabification: tor

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *torъ, from *terti.

tor m inan

1. track, course, path
2. rail track
3. lane (a part of a sports track)
4. trajectory

From Latin thorium, from Old Scandinavian Thorr.

Chemical element
Th
Previous: aktyn (Ac)
Next: protaktyn (Pa)

tor m inan

1. thorium

Named for Evangelista Torricelli, an Italian physicist.

tor m inan (abbreviation Tr)

1. torr

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

tor

1. genitive plural of tora

• tor in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• tor in Polish dictionaries at PWN

From Latin torus.

tor n (plural toruri)

1. torus

• tur (Rumantsch Grischun, Sutsilvan)
• tuor (Sursilvan, Puter, Vallader)

From Latin turris, turrem, from Ancient Greek τύρρις (túrrhis), τύρσις (túrsis).

tor m (plural tors)

1. (Surmiran) tower

• IPA^(key): [téʊːɐ]

tor

1. March (month)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *torъ.

• IPA^(key): /tôːr/

tȏr m (Cyrillic spelling то̑р)

1. corral, cote

• “tor”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024
• “tor”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024

• toru
• toy

From Proto-Turkic *tōr- (“a kind of young animal”). Related to toy.

tor (definite accusative toru, plural torlar)

1. young
2. novice
3. whelp
4. beginner
5. recruit

Inflection
Nominative	tor
Definite accusative	toru
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	tor	torlar
Definite accusative	toru	torları
Dative	tora	torlara
Locative	torda	torlarda
Ablative	tordan	torlardan
Genitive	torun	torların

• „tor“ in the dictionary of the Turkish language (TDK)
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “toraman”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “torun”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “torlak”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Inherited from Common Turkic *tor (“net for catching birds or fish”). Cognate with Azerbaijani tor and Kazakh тор (tor).

tor (definite accusative toru, plural torlar)

1. (dialectal) net, mesh
2. (dialectal, by extension) mosquito net
3. (dialectal) trap

Other scripts
Yangi Imlo
Cyrillic	тор‍
Latin	tor‍
Perso-Arabic (Afghanistan)

From Proto-Turkic *d(i)ār.

tor (comparative torroq, superlative eng tor)

1. narrow, tight

tor (plural torlar)

1. string

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

tor

1. (transitive) to take
2. (transitive) to get

• IPA^(key): [toɾ]

tor (nominative plural tors)

1. bull

• hibub

• kun
• jibub

• torül (“bull calf, male calf”)

• IPA^(key): /tɔr/

Deverbal from torri

tor m (uncountable)

1. breaking, breach

tor

1. (literary) third-person singular present/future of torri

   (colloquial) torrith, (colloquial) torriff

2. (literary) second-person singular imperative of torri

   (colloquial) torra

tor f (plural torrau or torroedd, diminutive torryn)

1. abdomen

• Griffiths, Bruce, Glyn Jones, Dafydd (1995) Geiriadur yr Academi: The Welsh Academy English–Welsh Dictionary‎^[3], Cardiff: University of Wales Press, →ISBN
• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “tor”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies