By surface analysis, thú + -sa.
thusa
- emphatic form of thú
- you (singular), thou, thee
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “thusa”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “thusa”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
- “thusa”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024
Alternative scripts
- 𑀣𑀼𑀲 (Brahmi script)
- थुस (Devanagari script)
- থুস (Bengali script)
- ථුස (Sinhalese script)
- ထုသ (Burmese script)
- ถุส or ถุสะ (Thai script)
- ᨳᩩᩈ (Tai Tham script)
- ຖຸສ or ຖຸສະ (Lao script)
- ថុស (Khmer script)
- 𑄗𑄪𑄥 (Chakma script)
Inherited from Sanskrit तुष (tuṣa).
thusa m[1]
- chaff
- husk of grain[1]
c. 500 BC, Digha Nikaya: Pathika-vagga, published c. 50 BC, အဂ္ဂည မေထုနဓမ္မသမာစာရ [aggañña methunadhammasamācāra]; republished as ဆဋ္ဌသင်္ဂီတိပိဋကံ သုတ္တန္တပိဋကေ ဒီဃနိကာယေ ပါထိကဝဂ္ဂပါဠိ [chaṭṭhasaṅgītipiṭakaṃ suttantapiṭake dīghanikāye pāthikavaggapāḷi, Sixth Council Tipitaka: Sutta Pitaka: Digha Nikaya: Pathika-vagga-->][1], 2010 AD, page 75 (၇၅):အထ ကဏောပိ တဏ္ဍုလံ ပရိယောနန္ဓိ၊ ထုသောပိ တဏ္ဍုလံ ပရိယောနန္ဓိ၊ လူနမ္ပိ နပ္ပဋိဝိရူဠ္ဟံ၊ အပဒါနံ ပညာယိတ္ထ၊ သဏ္ဍသဏ္ဍာ သာလယော အဋ္ဌံသု။- atha kaṇopi taṇḍulaṃ pariyonandhi. thusopi taṇḍulaṃ pariyonandhi. lūnampi nappaṭivirūḷhaṃ. apadānaṃ paññāyittha. saṇḍasaṇḍā sālayo aṭṭhaṃsu.
- The rice grains became wrapped in powder and husk, it didn’t grow back after reaping, leaving a trace showing, and the rice stood in clumps.
Declension table of "thusa" (masculine)
- Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “thusa”, in Pali-English Dictionary, London: Chipstead
By surface analysis, thu + -sa. From Old Irish tussu. Cognates include Irish tusa and Manx tuss.
thusa (unlenited tusa)
- (emphatic) thou, you (singular)
Scottish Gaelic personal pronouns
|
simple
|
emphatic
|
singular
|
plural
|
singular
|
plural
|
First person
|
mi
|
sinn
|
mise
|
sinne
|
Second person
|
thu, tu1)
|
sibh
|
thusa, tusa1)
|
sibhse
|
Third person m
|
e
|
iad
|
esan
|
iadsan
|
Third person f
|
i
|
ise
|
*) sibh and sibhse also act as the polite singular pronouns. **) To mark a direct object of a verbal noun, the derivatives of gam are used. 1) used when following a verb ending in -n, -s or -dh.
|
thusa
- to help
-thúsa
- to frighten, to scare
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
-thúsa
- (transitive) to frighten
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
-thúsa
- (intransitive) to startle, to surprise
- (intransitive) to frighten, to scare, to shock
Tone H
|
Infinitive
|
ukuthusa
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukuthusa
|
ukungathusi
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
thusa
|
-thuse
|
Plural
|
thusani
|
-thuseni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyathusa, ngithusa
|
engithusayo, engithusa
|
ngithusa
|
angithusi
|
engingathusi
|
ngingathusi
|
2nd singular
|
uyathusa, uthusa
|
othusayo, othusa
|
uthusa
|
awuthusi
|
ongathusi
|
ungathusi
|
1st plural
|
siyathusa, sithusa
|
esithusayo, esithusa
|
sithusa
|
asithusi
|
esingathusi
|
singathusi
|
2nd plural
|
niyathusa, nithusa
|
enithusayo, enithusa
|
nithusa
|
anithusi
|
eningathusi
|
ningathusi
|
Class 1
|
uyathusa, uthusa
|
othusayo, othusa
|
ethusa
|
akathusi
|
ongathusi
|
engathusi
|
Class 2
|
bayathusa, bathusa
|
abathusayo, abathusa
|
bethusa
|
abathusi
|
abangathusi
|
bengathusi
|
Class 3
|
uyathusa, uthusa
|
othusayo, othusa
|
uthusa
|
awuthusi
|
ongathusi
|
ungathusi
|
Class 4
|
iyathusa, ithusa
|
ethusayo, ethusa
|
ithusa
|
ayithusi
|
engathusi
|
ingathusi
|
Class 5
|
liyathusa, lithusa
|
elithusayo, elithusa
|
lithusa
|
alithusi
|
elingathusi
|
lingathusi
|
Class 6
|
ayathusa, athusa
|
athusayo, athusa
|
ethusa
|
awathusi
|
angathusi
|
engathusi
|
Class 7
|
siyathusa, sithusa
|
esithusayo, esithusa
|
sithusa
|
asithusi
|
esingathusi
|
singathusi
|
Class 8
|
ziyathusa, zithusa
|
ezithusayo, ezithusa
|
zithusa
|
azithusi
|
ezingathusi
|
zingathusi
|
Class 9
|
iyathusa, ithusa
|
ethusayo, ethusa
|
ithusa
|
ayithusi
|
engathusi
|
ingathusi
|
Class 10
|
ziyathusa, zithusa
|
ezithusayo, ezithusa
|
zithusa
|
azithusi
|
ezingathusi
|
zingathusi
|
Class 11
|
luyathusa, luthusa
|
oluthusayo, oluthusa
|
luthusa
|
aluthusi
|
olungathusi
|
lungathusi
|
Class 14
|
buyathusa, buthusa
|
obuthusayo, obuthusa
|
buthusa
|
abuthusi
|
obungathusi
|
bungathusi
|
Class 15
|
kuyathusa, kuthusa
|
okuthusayo, okuthusa
|
kuthusa
|
akuthusi
|
okungathusi
|
kungathusi
|
Class 17
|
kuyathusa, kuthusa
|
okuthusayo, okuthusa
|
kuthusa
|
akuthusi
|
okungathusi
|
kungathusi
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngithusile, ngithusē
|
engithusile, engithusē
|
ngithusile, ngithusē
|
angithusanga
|
engingathusanga
|
ngingathusanga
|
2nd singular
|
uthusile, uthusē
|
othusile, othusē
|
uthusile, uthusē
|
awuthusanga
|
ongathusanga
|
ungathusanga
|
1st plural
|
sithusile, sithusē
|
esithusile, esithusē
|
sithusile, sithusē
|
asithusanga
|
esingathusanga
|
singathusanga
|
2nd plural
|
nithusile, nithusē
|
enithusile, enithusē
|
nithusile, nithusē
|
anithusanga
|
eningathusanga
|
ningathusanga
|
Class 1
|
uthusile, uthusē
|
othusile, othusē
|
ethusile, ethusē
|
akathusanga
|
ongathusanga
|
engathusanga
|
Class 2
|
bathusile, bathusē
|
abathusile, abathusē
|
bethusile, bethusē
|
abathusanga
|
abangathusanga
|
bengathusanga
|
Class 3
|
uthusile, uthusē
|
othusile, othusē
|
uthusile, uthusē
|
awuthusanga
|
ongathusanga
|
ungathusanga
|
Class 4
|
ithusile, ithusē
|
ethusile, ethusē
|
ithusile, ithusē
|
ayithusanga
|
engathusanga
|
ingathusanga
|
Class 5
|
lithusile, lithusē
|
elithusile, elithusē
|
lithusile, lithusē
|
alithusanga
|
elingathusanga
|
lingathusanga
|
Class 6
|
athusile, athusē
|
athusile, athusē
|
ethusile, ethusē
|
awathusanga
|
angathusanga
|
engathusanga
|
Class 7
|
sithusile, sithusē
|
esithusile, esithusē
|
sithusile, sithusē
|
asithusanga
|
esingathusanga
|
singathusanga
|
Class 8
|
zithusile, zithusē
|
ezithusile, ezithusē
|
zithusile, zithusē
|
azithusanga
|
ezingathusanga
|
zingathusanga
|
Class 9
|
ithusile, ithusē
|
ethusile, ethusē
|
ithusile, ithusē
|
ayithusanga
|
engathusanga
|
ingathusanga
|
Class 10
|
zithusile, zithusē
|
ezithusile, ezithusē
|
zithusile, zithusē
|
azithusanga
|
ezingathusanga
|
zingathusanga
|
Class 11
|
luthusile, luthusē
|
oluthusile, oluthusē
|
luthusile, luthusē
|
aluthusanga
|
olungathusanga
|
lungathusanga
|
Class 14
|
buthusile, buthusē
|
obuthusile, obuthusē
|
buthusile, buthusē
|
abuthusanga
|
obungathusanga
|
bungathusanga
|
Class 15
|
kuthusile, kuthusē
|
okuthusile, okuthusē
|
kuthusile, kuthusē
|
akuthusanga
|
okungathusanga
|
kungathusanga
|
Class 17
|
kuthusile, kuthusē
|
okuthusile, okuthusē
|
kuthusile, kuthusē
|
akuthusanga
|
okungathusanga
|
kungathusanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngāthusa
|
engāthusa
|
ngāthusa
|
angithusanga
|
engingathusanga
|
ngingathusanga
|
2nd singular
|
wāthusa
|
owāthusa
|
wāthusa
|
awuthusanga
|
ongathusanga
|
ungathusanga
|
1st plural
|
sāthusa
|
esāthusa
|
sāthusa
|
asithusanga
|
esingathusanga
|
singathusanga
|
2nd plural
|
nāthusa
|
enāthusa
|
nāthusa
|
anithusanga
|
eningathusanga
|
ningathusanga
|
Class 1
|
wāthusa
|
owāthusa
|
āthusa
|
akathusanga
|
ongathusanga
|
engathusanga
|
Class 2
|
bāthusa
|
abāthusa
|
bāthusa
|
abathusanga
|
abangathusanga
|
bengathusanga
|
Class 3
|
wāthusa
|
owāthusa
|
wāthusa
|
awuthusanga
|
ongathusanga
|
ungathusanga
|
Class 4
|
yāthusa
|
eyāthusa
|
yāthusa
|
ayithusanga
|
engathusanga
|
ingathusanga
|
Class 5
|
lāthusa
|
elāthusa
|
lāthusa
|
alithusanga
|
elingathusanga
|
lingathusanga
|
Class 6
|
āthusa
|
āthusa
|
āthusa
|
awathusanga
|
angathusanga
|
engathusanga
|
Class 7
|
sāthusa
|
esāthusa
|
sāthusa
|
asithusanga
|
esingathusanga
|
singathusanga
|
Class 8
|
zāthusa
|
ezāthusa
|
zāthusa
|
azithusanga
|
ezingathusanga
|
zingathusanga
|
Class 9
|
yāthusa
|
eyāthusa
|
yāthusa
|
ayithusanga
|
engathusanga
|
ingathusanga
|
Class 10
|
zāthusa
|
ezāthusa
|
zāthusa
|
azithusanga
|
ezingathusanga
|
zingathusanga
|
Class 11
|
lwāthusa
|
olwāthusa
|
lwāthusa
|
aluthusanga
|
olungathusanga
|
lungathusanga
|
Class 14
|
bāthusa
|
obāthusa
|
bāthusa
|
abuthusanga
|
obungathusanga
|
bungathusanga
|
Class 15
|
kwāthusa
|
okwāthusa
|
kwāthusa
|
akuthusanga
|
okungathusanga
|
kungathusanga
|
Class 17
|
kwāthusa
|
okwāthusa
|
kwāthusa
|
akuthusanga
|
okungathusanga
|
kungathusanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingathusa
|
—
|
ngingathusa
|
ngingethuse
|
—
|
ngingethuse
|
2nd singular
|
ungathusa
|
—
|
ungathusa
|
ungethuse
|
—
|
ungethuse
|
1st plural
|
singathusa
|
—
|
singathusa
|
singethuse
|
—
|
singethuse
|
2nd plural
|
ningathusa
|
—
|
ningathusa
|
ningethuse
|
—
|
ningethuse
|
Class 1
|
angathusa
|
—
|
engathusa
|
angethuse
|
—
|
engethuse
|
Class 2
|
bangathusa
|
—
|
bengathusa
|
bangethuse
|
—
|
bengethuse
|
Class 3
|
ungathusa
|
—
|
ungathusa
|
ungethuse
|
—
|
ungethuse
|
Class 4
|
ingathusa
|
—
|
ingathusa
|
ingethuse
|
—
|
ingethuse
|
Class 5
|
lingathusa
|
—
|
lingathusa
|
lingethuse
|
—
|
lingethuse
|
Class 6
|
angathusa
|
—
|
engathusa
|
angethuse
|
—
|
engethuse
|
Class 7
|
singathusa
|
—
|
singathusa
|
singethuse
|
—
|
singethuse
|
Class 8
|
zingathusa
|
—
|
zingathusa
|
zingethuse
|
—
|
zingethuse
|
Class 9
|
ingathusa
|
—
|
ingathusa
|
ingethuse
|
—
|
ingethuse
|
Class 10
|
zingathusa
|
—
|
zingathusa
|
zingethuse
|
—
|
zingethuse
|
Class 11
|
lungathusa
|
—
|
lungathusa
|
lungethuse
|
—
|
lungethuse
|
Class 14
|
bungathusa
|
—
|
bungathusa
|
bungethuse
|
—
|
bungethuse
|
Class 15
|
kungathusa
|
—
|
kungathusa
|
kungethuse
|
—
|
kungethuse
|
Class 17
|
kungathusa
|
—
|
kungathusa
|
kungethuse
|
—
|
kungethuse
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizothusa
|
engizothusa
|
ngizothusa
|
angizuthusa
|
engingezuthusa
|
ngingezuthusa
|
2nd singular
|
uzothusa
|
ozothusa
|
uzothusa
|
awuzuthusa
|
ongezuthusa
|
ungezuthusa
|
1st plural
|
sizothusa
|
esizothusa
|
sizothusa
|
asizuthusa
|
esingezuthusa
|
singezuthusa
|
2nd plural
|
nizothusa
|
enizothusa
|
nizothusa
|
anizuthusa
|
eningezuthusa
|
ningezuthusa
|
Class 1
|
uzothusa
|
ozothusa
|
ezothusa
|
akazuthusa
|
ongezuthusa
|
engezuthusa
|
Class 2
|
bazothusa
|
abazothusa
|
bezothusa
|
abazuthusa
|
abangezuthusa
|
bengezuthusa
|
Class 3
|
uzothusa
|
ozothusa
|
uzothusa
|
awuzuthusa
|
ongezuthusa
|
ungezuthusa
|
Class 4
|
izothusa
|
ezothusa
|
izothusa
|
ayizuthusa
|
engezuthusa
|
ingezuthusa
|
Class 5
|
lizothusa
|
elizothusa
|
lizothusa
|
alizuthusa
|
elingezuthusa
|
lingezuthusa
|
Class 6
|
azothusa
|
azothusa
|
ezothusa
|
awazuthusa
|
angezuthusa
|
engezuthusa
|
Class 7
|
sizothusa
|
esizothusa
|
sizothusa
|
asizuthusa
|
esingezuthusa
|
singezuthusa
|
Class 8
|
zizothusa
|
ezizothusa
|
zizothusa
|
azizuthusa
|
ezingezuthusa
|
zingezuthusa
|
Class 9
|
izothusa
|
ezothusa
|
izothusa
|
ayizuthusa
|
engezuthusa
|
ingezuthusa
|
Class 10
|
zizothusa
|
ezizothusa
|
zizothusa
|
azizuthusa
|
ezingezuthusa
|
zingezuthusa
|
Class 11
|
luzothusa
|
oluzothusa
|
luzothusa
|
aluzuthusa
|
olungezuthusa
|
lungezuthusa
|
Class 14
|
buzothusa
|
obuzothusa
|
buzothusa
|
abuzuthusa
|
obungezuthusa
|
bungezuthusa
|
Class 15
|
kuzothusa
|
okuzothusa
|
kuzothusa
|
akuzuthusa
|
okungezuthusa
|
kungezuthusa
|
Class 17
|
kuzothusa
|
okuzothusa
|
kuzothusa
|
akuzuthusa
|
okungezuthusa
|
kungezuthusa
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyothusa
|
engiyothusa
|
ngiyothusa
|
angiyuthusa
|
engingeyuthusa
|
ngingeyuthusa
|
2nd singular
|
uyothusa
|
oyothusa
|
uyothusa
|
awuyuthusa
|
ongeyuthusa
|
ungeyuthusa
|
1st plural
|
siyothusa
|
esiyothusa
|
siyothusa
|
asiyuthusa
|
esingeyuthusa
|
singeyuthusa
|
2nd plural
|
niyothusa
|
eniyothusa
|
niyothusa
|
aniyuthusa
|
eningeyuthusa
|
ningeyuthusa
|
Class 1
|
uyothusa
|
oyothusa
|
eyothusa
|
akayuthusa
|
ongeyuthusa
|
engeyuthusa
|
Class 2
|
bayothusa
|
abayothusa
|
beyothusa
|
abayuthusa
|
abangeyuthusa
|
bengeyuthusa
|
Class 3
|
uyothusa
|
oyothusa
|
uyothusa
|
awuyuthusa
|
ongeyuthusa
|
ungeyuthusa
|
Class 4
|
iyothusa
|
eyothusa
|
iyothusa
|
ayiyuthusa
|
engeyuthusa
|
ingeyuthusa
|
Class 5
|
liyothusa
|
eliyothusa
|
liyothusa
|
aliyuthusa
|
elingeyuthusa
|
lingeyuthusa
|
Class 6
|
ayothusa
|
ayothusa
|
eyothusa
|
awayuthusa
|
angeyuthusa
|
engeyuthusa
|
Class 7
|
siyothusa
|
esiyothusa
|
siyothusa
|
asiyuthusa
|
esingeyuthusa
|
singeyuthusa
|
Class 8
|
ziyothusa
|
eziyothusa
|
ziyothusa
|
aziyuthusa
|
ezingeyuthusa
|
zingeyuthusa
|
Class 9
|
iyothusa
|
eyothusa
|
iyothusa
|
ayiyuthusa
|
engeyuthusa
|
ingeyuthusa
|
Class 10
|
ziyothusa
|
eziyothusa
|
ziyothusa
|
aziyuthusa
|
ezingeyuthusa
|
zingeyuthusa
|
Class 11
|
luyothusa
|
oluyothusa
|
luyothusa
|
aluyuthusa
|
olungeyuthusa
|
lungeyuthusa
|
Class 14
|
buyothusa
|
obuyothusa
|
buyothusa
|
abuyuthusa
|
obungeyuthusa
|
bungeyuthusa
|
Class 15
|
kuyothusa
|
okuyothusa
|
kuyothusa
|
akuyuthusa
|
okungeyuthusa
|
kungeyuthusa
|
Class 17
|
kuyothusa
|
okuyothusa
|
kuyothusa
|
akuyuthusa
|
okungeyuthusa
|
kungeyuthusa
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngithuse
|
ngingathusi
|
2nd singular
|
uthuse
|
ungathusi
|
1st plural
|
sithuse
|
singathusi
|
2nd plural
|
nithuse
|
ningathusi
|
Class 1
|
athuse
|
angathusi
|
Class 2
|
bathuse
|
bangathusi
|
Class 3
|
uthuse
|
ungathusi
|
Class 4
|
ithuse
|
ingathusi
|
Class 5
|
lithuse
|
lingathusi
|
Class 6
|
athuse
|
angathusi
|
Class 7
|
sithuse
|
singathusi
|
Class 8
|
zithuse
|
zingathusi
|
Class 9
|
ithuse
|
ingathusi
|
Class 10
|
zithuse
|
zingathusi
|
Class 11
|
luthuse
|
lungathusi
|
Class 14
|
buthuse
|
bungathusi
|
Class 15
|
kuthuse
|
kungathusi
|
Class 17
|
kuthuse
|
kungathusi
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngathusa
|
ngangathusa, angathusa, angangathusa
|
2nd singular
|
wathusa
|
wangathusa, awathusa, awangathusa
|
1st plural
|
sathusa
|
sangathusa, asathusa, asangathusa
|
2nd plural
|
nathusa
|
nangathusa, anathusa, anangathusa
|
Class 1
|
wathusa
|
wangathusa, akathusa, akangathusa
|
Class 2
|
bathusa
|
bangathusa, abathusa, abangathusa
|
Class 3
|
wathusa
|
wangathusa, awathusa, awangathusa
|
Class 4
|
yathusa
|
yangathusa, ayathusa, ayangathusa
|
Class 5
|
lathusa
|
langathusa, alathusa, alangathusa
|
Class 6
|
athusa
|
angathusa, awathusa, awangathusa
|
Class 7
|
sathusa
|
sangathusa, asathusa, asangathusa
|
Class 8
|
zathusa
|
zangathusa, azathusa, azangathusa
|
Class 9
|
yathusa
|
yangathusa, ayathusa, ayangathusa
|
Class 10
|
zathusa
|
zangathusa, azathusa, azangathusa
|
Class 11
|
lwathusa
|
lwangathusa, alwathusa, alwangathusa
|
Class 14
|
bathusa
|
bangathusa, abathusa, abangathusa
|
Class 15
|
kwathusa
|
kwangathusa, akwathusa, akwangathusa
|
Class 17
|
kwathusa
|
kwangathusa, akwathusa, akwangathusa
|