thừa

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [tʰɨə˨˩]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [tʰɨə˦˩]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [tʰɨə˨˩]

• Audio (Hà Nội):

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Sino-Vietnamese word from 剩. The reading fails to retain the final consonant in Middle Chinese 剩 (zying^H), which seems to be unique to Vietnamese (compare Mandarin 剩 (shèng), Cantonese 剩 (sing⁶, zing⁶), Japanese じょう (jō) and Korean 승 (seung)). The one that does, thặng, only occurs in the word thặng dư or colloquial adjective thượng thặng (“first-degree, top-level”). This failure to retain the final consonant also occurs for thừa below.

Alternatively, Haudricourt (1954) suggests that thừa is a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 餘 (“left over, extra”, SV: dư).^[1]

thừa

1. more than needed; left over, redundant, superfluous

   Synonym: dư

   Bỏ đồ thừa trong tủ lạnh.

   Put the leftovers in the fridge.

   Mẹ dặn không có thừa đâu!

   What mother's advising you is not redundant!

thừa

1. (only in fixed expressions) more than enough

   thừa biết ~ biết thừa

   to know fully well; to be fully aware; to be the first one to acknowledge; to know, of all people

   (literally, “to know more than enough”)

Sino-Vietnamese word from 乘.

thừa

1. (only in fixed expressions) to take advantage of (an opportunity)

Sino-Vietnamese word from 承.

thừa

1. to inherit; to receive

thừa

1. (poetry, comics) shō

• khởi (“ki”)
• chuyển (“ten”)
• kết (“ketsu”)/hợp (“gō”)