soma

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈsoʊmə/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈsəʊmə/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: (General American) -oʊmə, (Received Pronunciation) -əʊmə
• Hyphenation: so‧ma

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek σῶμα (sôma, “body”).

soma (plural somas or somata)

1. (anatomy) The whole axial portion of an animal, including the head, neck, trunk, and tail.
2. (biology) The body of an organism in contrast to the germ cells.
3. (cytology) The bulbous part of a neuron, containing the cell nucleus.
4. (philosophy) The corporeal body, as distinguished from the psyche or soul and the pneuma or spirit.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:body

Transliteration of Sanskrit सोम (soma). Doublet of haoma.

soma (uncountable)

1. (Vedic religion) A ritual drink in ancient Vedic culture, obtained by pressing the Soma plant.
   • 2006, Karen Armstrong, The Great Transformation, Atlantic Books, published 2007, page 82:

     Once he had drunk the intoxicating soma, he experienced an ascent to the gods without having to die a violent death, as in the old ritual.

2. (by extension, science fiction) Any kind of intoxicating drug.
   • 1932, Aldous Huxley, Brave New World‎^[2], London: Chatto & Windus:

     […] there is always soma, delicious soma, half a gramme for a half-holiday, a gramme for a week-end, two grammes for a trip to the gorgeous East, three for a dark eternity on the moon […]

• Soma

• haoma

• -omas, Amos, MOAS, MOAs, Samo, maos, moas, omas, soam

Clipping of Somaliër.

soma ? (plural soma's, diminutive somaatje n)

1. (sometimes offensive, slang) a Somalian

soma

1. often, frequently

   Synonym: wasoma

From Proto-Finnic *coma. Related to Karelian šoma, Livvi čoma, Ludian čoma and Veps čoma.

• IPA^(key): /ˈsomɑ/, [ˈs̠o̞mɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -omɑ
• Hyphenation^(key): so‧ma

soma (comparative somempi, superlative somin)

1. pretty, cute, sweet

• “soma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[3] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

• Asmo, mosa, osma

• Audio:

  (file)

soma m (plural somas)

1. (cytology) soma

• “soma”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

From Old Galician-Portuguese soma (“top”) (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin summa (“top”).

• IPA^(key): [ˈsomɐ]

soma f (plural somas)

1. ridge (formed besides a furrow)

   Synonyms: lombeiro, márdea, mesa, sorrello

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “soma”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “soma”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “soma”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “soma”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “soma”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɔ.ma/
• Rhymes: -ɔma
• Hyphenation: sò‧ma

From Late Latin sauma, from alteration of Latin sagma, from Ancient Greek σάγμα (ságma). Compare the doublet salma (“corpse”). Cognate to French somme (“packsaddle”).

soma f (plural some)

1. the load borne by a pack animal
2. (by extension) the measure of the capacity of a given animal to bear a load
3. (figurative, literary)
   1. burden

      Synonym: onere

   2. weight

      Synonym: peso

   3. body

      Synonym: corpo

• soma¹ in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Borrowed from New Latin, from Ancient Greek σῶμα (sôma).

soma m (plural somi)

1. (medicine) soma

• soma² in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Transliteration of Ancient Greek σῶμα (sôma).

soma m (plural somata)

1. (music, historical, Byzantine Greece) second interval

• soma³ in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Borrowed from English soma, from Sanskrit सोम (soma), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *sáwHmas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sáwHmas, derived from the root *sawH- (“to press out, to extract”).

soma m (invariable) (historical)

1. name of an as yet unidentified plant
2. soma (juice extracted from the above plant, used as a ritual drink)

• soma⁴ in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

• Amos, Mosa, Samo, maso

From Ancient Greek σῶμα (sôma).

soma n

1. body

soma

1. Rōmaji transcription of そま

Borrowed from Old East Slavic сума (suma) (compare Russian сума́ (sumá)), itself borrowed (via Polish) from Old High German soum (“burden”) (compare German Saum), from Ancient Greek σάγμα (ságma) (whence also Latin sagma, sauma (“burden saddle, burden”)). The borrowing happened in the 13th century, when Old East Slavic у was still pronounced as [oː]. The word soma is first attested in 17th-century dictionaries with meanings such as “bread sack”, “bag”, “travel bag”.^[1]

• IPA^(key): [sūōma]

soma f (4th declension)

1. bag, pack (fabric, leather, etc. object with straps or handles, used for carrying small objects, groceries, etc.)

   pasta soma ― mail bag

   medību soma ― (hunting) game bag

   skolas soma ― satchel, school bag

   iepirkumu soma ― shopping bag

   ceļa soma, ceļasoma ― suitcase (lit. travelling bag)

   rokas soma, rokassoma ― purse (lit. hand bag)

   mugursoma ― backpack, knapsack, rucksack

2. (biology, anatomy) pouch (skin fold in marsupials to keep a newborn baby)

   ķengura soma ― kangaroo pouch

• ceļasoma
• mugursoma
• rokassoma

• maiss

See soms.

soma m

1. genitive singular of soms

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɔ.ma/
• Rhymes: -ɔma
• Syllabification: so‧ma
• Homophone: Soma

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek σῶμα (sôma).

soma f

1. (anatomy) soma (the whole axial portion of an animal, including the head, neck, trunk, and tail)
2. (anatomy) soma (the corporeal body, as distinguished from the psyche or soul)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit सोम (soma).

soma f

1. (Vedic religion) soma (ritual drink in ancient Vedic and continuing Hindu culture)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

soma m animal

1. genitive/accusative singular of som

• soma in Polish dictionaries at PWN

From Old Galician-Portuguese soma, from Latin summa.

• Rhymes: -ɔmɐ, -omɐ
• Hyphenation: so‧ma

soma f (plural somas)

1. (arithmetic) sum (quantity obtained by addition or aggregation)
2. sum (quantity of money)

Borrowed from New Latin, from Ancient Greek σῶμα (sôma, “body”).

• Hyphenation: so‧ma

soma m (plural somas)

1. (anatomy, cytology) soma

Borrowed from Sanskrit सोम (sóma), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sauma, from Proto-Indo-European *sew(h)-.

• Hyphenation: so‧ma

soma m (plural somas)

1. (religion) soma

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

• Rhymes: -ɔmɐ
• Hyphenation: so‧ma

soma

1. inflection of somar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Borrowed from French sommer.

a soma (third-person singular present somează, past participle somat) 1st conj.

1. to summon

-soma (infinitive gusoma, perfective -somye)

1. to read

soma (Cyrillic spelling сома)

1. genitive/accusative singular of som

• IPA^(key): /ˈsoma/ [ˈso.ma]
• Rhymes: -oma
• Syllabification: so‧ma

Borrowed from Ancient Greek σῶμα (sôma, “body”).

soma m (plural somas)

1. (biology) soma

Inherited from Latin summa.

soma f (plural somas)

1. a kind of thick flour

• “soma”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28

Of Bantu origin.

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

-soma (infinitive kusoma)

1. to read
2. to study

Conjugation of -soma
Positive present -nasoma Subjunctive -some Negative -somi Imperative singular soma
Infinitives
Positive kusoma Negative kutosoma
Imperatives
Singular soma Plural someni
Tensed forms
Habitual husoma Positive past positive subject concord + -lisoma Negative past negative subject concord + -kusoma
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nasoma) Singular Plural 1st person ninasoma/nasoma tunasoma 2nd person unasoma mnasoma 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anasoma wanasoma other classes positive subject concord + -nasoma
Negative present (negative subject concord + -somi) Singular Plural 1st person sisomi hatusomi 2nd person husomi hamsomi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hasomi hawasomi other classes negative subject concord + -somi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tasoma Negative future negative subject concord + -tasoma
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -some) Singular Plural 1st person nisome tusome 2nd person usome msome 3rd person m-wa(I/II) asome wasome other classes positive subject concord + -some
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sisome Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngesoma Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singesoma Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalisoma Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalisoma
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -asoma) Singular Plural 1st person nasoma twasoma 2nd person wasoma mwasoma 3rd person m-wa(I/II) asoma wasoma m-mi(III/IV) wasoma yasoma ji-ma(V/VI) lasoma yasoma ki-vi(VII/VIII) chasoma vyasoma n(IX/X) yasoma zasoma u(XI) wasoma see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwasoma pa(XVI) pasoma mu(XVIII) mwasoma
Perfect positive subject concord + -mesoma "Already" positive subject concord + -meshasoma "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jasoma "If/When" positive subject concord + -kisoma "If not" positive subject concord + -siposoma Consecutive kasoma / positive subject concord + -kasoma Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kasome
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nisoma -tusoma 2nd person -kusoma -wasoma/-kusomeni/-wasomeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -msoma -wasoma m-mi(III/IV) -usoma -isoma ji-ma(V/VI) -lisoma -yasoma ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kisoma -visoma n(IX/X) -isoma -zisoma u(XI) -usoma see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kusoma pa(XVI) -pasoma mu(XVIII) -musoma Reflexive -jisoma
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -soma- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -somaye -somao m-mi(III/IV) -somao -somayo ji-ma(V/VI) -somalo -somayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -somacho -somavyo n(IX/X) -somayo -somazo u(XI) -somao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -somako pa(XVI) -somapo mu(XVIII) -somamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -soma) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yesoma -osoma m-mi(III/IV) -osoma -yosoma ji-ma(V/VI) -losoma -yosoma ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chosoma -vyosoma n(IX/X) -yosoma -zosoma u(XI) -osoma see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kosoma pa(XVI) -posoma mu(XVIII) -mosoma
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -somea
  • Causative: -somesha (“make read, educate”)
  • Passive: -somwa
  • Stative: -someka (“be legible”)

• Nominal derivations:
  • msoma (“reader”)
  • msomaji (“reader”)
  • somo (“lesson”)

-sóma

1. to court, to flirt, to date

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

• IPA^(key): [ˈso.ma]

soma

1. dragnet, fishnet

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

soma

1. dative singular of som