pencher
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Vulgar Latin *pendicāre, from Latin pendere (“hang”). Compare pendre.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]pencher
- (transitive) to tilt, tip up
- (intransitive) to lean, list
- (intransitive) to lean towards (an opinion, idea etc.); to be inclined (to do something)
- (reflexive) to bend down, lean over
- (reflexive) to look into
- Je me pencherai sur le problème. I'll look into the problem.
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of pencher (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | pencher | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | penchant /pɑ̃.ʃɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | penché /pɑ̃.ʃe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | penche /pɑ̃ʃ/ |
penches /pɑ̃ʃ/ |
penche /pɑ̃ʃ/ |
penchons /pɑ̃.ʃɔ̃/ |
penchez /pɑ̃.ʃe/ |
penchent /pɑ̃ʃ/ |
| imperfect | penchais /pɑ̃.ʃɛ/ |
penchais /pɑ̃.ʃɛ/ |
penchait /pɑ̃.ʃɛ/ |
penchions /pɑ̃.ʃjɔ̃/ |
penchiez /pɑ̃.ʃje/ |
penchaient /pɑ̃.ʃɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | penchai /pɑ̃.ʃe/ |
penchas /pɑ̃.ʃa/ |
pencha /pɑ̃.ʃa/ |
penchâmes /pɑ̃.ʃam/ |
penchâtes /pɑ̃.ʃat/ |
penchèrent /pɑ̃.ʃɛʁ/ | |
| future | pencherai /pɑ̃ʃ.ʁe/ |
pencheras /pɑ̃ʃ.ʁa/ |
penchera /pɑ̃ʃ.ʁa/ |
pencherons /pɑ̃ʃ.ʁɔ̃/ |
pencherez /pɑ̃ʃ.ʁe/ |
pencheront /pɑ̃ʃ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | pencherais /pɑ̃ʃ.ʁɛ/ |
pencherais /pɑ̃ʃ.ʁɛ/ |
pencherait /pɑ̃ʃ.ʁɛ/ |
pencherions /pɑ̃.ʃə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
pencheriez /pɑ̃.ʃə.ʁje/ |
pencheraient /pɑ̃ʃ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | penche /pɑ̃ʃ/ |
penches /pɑ̃ʃ/ |
penche /pɑ̃ʃ/ |
penchions /pɑ̃.ʃjɔ̃/ |
penchiez /pɑ̃.ʃje/ |
penchent /pɑ̃ʃ/ |
| imperfect2 | penchasse /pɑ̃.ʃas/ |
penchasses /pɑ̃.ʃas/ |
penchât /pɑ̃.ʃa/ |
penchassions /pɑ̃.ʃa.sjɔ̃/ |
penchassiez /pɑ̃.ʃa.sje/ |
penchassent /pɑ̃.ʃas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | penche /pɑ̃ʃ/ |
— | penchons /pɑ̃.ʃɔ̃/ |
penchez /pɑ̃.ʃe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
[edit]- pente (“slope, gradient”)
Further reading
[edit]- “pencher”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Categories:
- French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- French terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French verbs
- French transitive verbs
- French intransitive verbs
- French reflexive verbs
- French verbs with conjugation -er
- French first group verbs