kara

From Punjabi ਕੜਾ (kaṛā); see Hindi कड़ा (kaṛā, “bracelet”).

kara (plural karas)

1. (Sikhism) A bangle worn by Sikhs, one of the five Ks, to remind them to do God's work.

• rak'a, arak, akra

kara

1. Romanization of ᬓᬭ
2. Romanization of ᬓᬵᬭ

kara

1. allative singular of ka

From Proto-Brythonic *karɨd. Cognate with Breton karout and Welsh caru.

kara (irregular)

1. to love

	Indicative				Subjunctive		Imperative
	Pres-fut	Imperfect	Preterite	Conditional	Pres-fut	Imperfect
1s	karav	karen	keris	karsen	kyrriv	karren	-
2s	kerydh	kares	kersys	karses	kyrri	karres	kar
3s	kar	kara	karas	karsa	karro	karra	kares
1p	keryn	karen	kersyn	karsen	kerryn	karren	keryn
2p	kerowgh	karewgh	kersowgh	karsewgh	kerrowgh	karrewgh	kerowgh
3p	karons	karens	kersons	karsens	karrons	karrens	karens
0	kerir	kares	karas	karsys	kyrrer	karrys	-
Present participle: ow kara Verbal adjective: kerys

From Italian caro, cara, from Latin cārus. Compare French cher.

• IPA^(key): [ˈkara]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ara
• Hyphenation: ka‧ra

kara (accusative singular karan, plural karaj, accusative plural karajn)

1. dear

   Mi amegas vin, mia kara.

   I love you so much, my dear.

   Kara S-ro Garcio, mi estas skribanta al vi ĉi tiun leteron, ĉar…

   Dear Mr. Garcia, I am writing you this letter because…

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɑrɑ/, [ˈkɑ̝rɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ɑrɑ
• Hyphenation^(key): ka‧ra

From Proto-Finnic *kara.

kara

1. a dried branch, rib of a leaf or other similar dried part of a plant

   Synonym: karahka

2. core (uneaten part of an apple or similar fruit)

   Synonyms: kota, siemenkota

3. spindle (rod which turns, or on which something turns, e.g. of a door or window handle)
   1. (machining) spindle (rotary axis of a machine tool or power tool)
   2. (automotive) spindle (of a wheel)
4. pin (a piece of wood, partly inserted inside the wall, that supports the frame of a window or door)
5. (weaving) core of a pirn (in a weaving shuttle)
6. valve stem
7. (manufacturing) core (iportion of a mold that creates a cavity or impression within the part or that makes a hole in or through the part)

• “kara”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

Onomatopoeic.

kara

1. Synonym of koskikara (“bird of the genus Cinclus”)

Clipping of karamboli.

kara

1. carom billiards, carambole

• arka

kara

1. Romanization of 𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰

From kar +‎ -a (possessive suffix).

• IPA^(key): [ˈkɒrɒ]
• Hyphenation: ka‧ra

kara

1. third-person singular single-possession possessive of kar (“faculty; ensemble”)

For the possessive of kar in the sense “arm, lever”, see karja.

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	kara	—
accusative	karát	—
dative	karának	—
instrumental	karával	—
causal-final	karáért	—
translative	karává	—
terminative	karáig	—
essive-formal	karaként	—
essive-modal	karául	—
inessive	karában	—
superessive	karán	—
adessive	karánál	—
illative	karába	—
sublative	karára	—
allative	karához	—
elative	karából	—
delative	karáról	—
ablative	karától	—
non-attributive possessive - singular	karáé	—
non-attributive possessive - plural	karáéi	—

• IPA^(key): /ˈkara/

kara

1. dear

• IPA^(key): /ka.ra/
• Rhymes: -ra
• Hyphenation: ka‧ra

Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦫ (kara), from Old Javanese kara.

kara (plural kara-kara, first-person possessive karaku, second-person possessive karamu, third-person possessive karanya)

1. (botany) hyacinth bean, lablab bean, bonavist bean, bonavist pea, dolichos bean, sem bean, lablab bean, Egyptian kidney bean, Indian bean, Australian pea; Lablab purpureus.

Borrowed from Toraja-Sa'dan [Term?]

kara (plural kara-kara, first-person possessive karaku, second-person possessive karamu, third-person possessive karanya)

1. jewelry made from shells, round with a hole in the middle, usually attached to clothes, large shields, or hats worn by war dancers at death feasts

• “kara” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

kara

1. Rōmaji transcription of から

kara

1. Romanization of ꦏꦫ

kara

1. hair

kara

1. black

• dnathan.com

kara

1. purpose; motive; intention

• IPA^(key): /ˈka.ra/
• Rhymes: -ara
• Syllabification: ka‧ra

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kara.

kara f

1. punishment; penalty, fine (negative result of something bad that was done)

   Synonym: sztrôfa

Borrowed from Polish kara (“cart”).

kara f

1. wheelbarrow

Borrowed from German Karre.

kara f

1. (Canada, United States) car

• Stanislow Frymark (2020) “kara”, in Kashubian Language in Canada, the USA and New Zealand; Lexical Interferences in Kashubian Language in Canada, the USA and New Zealand, Zómk Zôbòrsczi, →ISBN
• Sychta, Bernard (1968) “I-II kara”, in Słownik gwar kaszubskich [Dictionary of Kashubian dialects] (in Polish), volumes 2 (H – L), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 135
• Jan Trepczyk (1994) “kara”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “kara”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[2]
• “kara”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Perso-Arabic		کَره

• kərə

Borrowed from Persian کره (kare).

• (Xarrâbî) IPA^(key): [kaɾa]

kara (definite accusative karañ, plural karalar)

1. butter

• Doerfer, Gerhard (1980) Wörterbuch des Chaladsch (Dialekt von Charrab) [Khalaj dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó

kara m

1. genitive singular of karš

Borrowed from Middle High German karre, ultimately from Latin carrus, from Gaulish *karros, from Proto-Celtic *karros (“wagon”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈkara/

kara f (diminutive karka)

1. cart, wagon

• Lower Sorbian vocabulary. In: Haspelmath, M. & Tadmor, U. (eds.) World Loanword Database. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.

kara (Raguileo spelling)

1. town, city

   Synonym: waria

• Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.

kara (mutated form gara)

1. stone

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɑːrɑ/

kara n

1. definite plural of kar

• IPA^(key): /²kɑ(ː)rɑ/

kara m

1. (non-standard since 1983) definite plural of kar

kara n

1. definite plural of kar

From Yoruba àkàrà.

• IPA^(key): /kà.ɾà/

kàrà

1. akara

• IPA^(key): /kā.ɾā/

kara (plural karazhì)

1. crab

• IPA^(key): /kà.ɾà/

kàrà

1. load; luggage; cargo
2. burden

• IPA^(key): /ká.ɾà/

kárà (plural káràzhì)

1. wall surrounding a compound (that does not connect to the houses)

• sókùn (“compound wall built from one house to another”)

• IPA^(key): /su.hun/
• Rhymes: -ra
• Homophones: kara, kāra, khara
• Hyphenation: ka‧ra

Borrowed from Sanskrit कर (kara, “finger”), कृ (kṛ, “to make”).

kara

1. hand
2. finger
3. ray of light, beam

• > Javanese: ꦏꦫ (kara) (inherited)
• → Balinese: ᬓᬭ (kara)

kara

1. Alternative spelling of kāra (“making, doing”)

Unknown, probably borrowed from Sanskrit खर (khara, “thorny plant”). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

kara

1. (botany) hyacinth bean, lablab bean, bonavist bean, bonavist pea, dolichos bean, sem bean, lablab bean, Egyptian kidney bean, Indian bean, Australian pea; Lablab purpureus.

• > Javanese: ꦏꦫ (kara) (inherited)

kara

1. Alternative spelling of khara

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

kara

1. animals that may not be eaten
2. crow

• "kara" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Borrowed from Middle High German karre. First attested in 1471.

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /kara/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /kara/

kara f

1. (attested in Greater Poland) light cart with one or two wheels

   Synonym: jednokole

   • 1908 [c. 1500], Bolesław Erzepki, editor, Przyczynki do średniowiecznego słownictwa polskiego. I. Glosy polskie wpisane do łacińsko-niemieckiego słownika drukowanego w roku 1490‎^[3], Lubiń, page 27:

     Karrą albo yednokolye biga, ein karre, carruca idem est

     [Kara albo jednokole biga, ein karre, carruca idem est]

   • 1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 46:

     Dwogye kary aut gyednokole duorum burdonum

     [Dwoje kary aut jednokole duorum burdonum]

   • c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 19r:

     Biga ein karre carruca idem est karrą albo yednokolye vel liber

     [Biga ein karre carruca idem est kara albo jednokole vel liber]

• Polish: kara (“cart”)
  • → Kashubian: kara (“wheelbarrow”)
  • → Ukrainian: ґара (gara)
  • → Slovincian: kara
• Silesian: kara (“wheelbarrow”)

• Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “kara 2”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
• Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “kara”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “kara, pl. tantum kary”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
• Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “kara”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk

From Proto-West Germanic *karu. Cognate with Old English caru, Old High German chara (“grief”), Old Norse kǫr (“sickbed”), Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰 (kara).

kara f

1. grief, sorrow
2. anxiety

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

kara

1. dark

• Whaley, Lindsay & Li, Fengxiang. (1998). The Suffix -Kan in Oroqen. Studies in Language. 22. 447-471. 10.1075/sl.22.2.06wha.

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ara
• Syllabification: ka‧ra

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kara.^[1][2] First attested in 1564.^[3]

kara f

1. punishment; penalty, fine (negative result of something bad that was done) [with za (+ accusative) ‘for what’]

Inherited from Old Polish kara.

kara f

1. (obsolete) cart with two wheels and a box on top for carrying things

• → Kashubian: kara (“wheelbarrow”)
• → Ukrainian: ґара (gara)
• → Slovincian: kara

Borrowed from French carré.^[4] First attested in the middle of the 19th century.^[5]

kara f

1. (geometry, rare) quadrangle

   Synonyms: czworobok, czworokąt

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

kara

1. inflection of karo:
   1. genitive singular
   2. nominative/accusative/vocative plural

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

kara

1. feminine nominative/vocative singular of kary

• kara in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• kara in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “kara”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• “KARA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], (Can we date this quote?)
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “kara”, in Słownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “kara”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “kara”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 254
• Wanda Decyk-Zięba, editor (2018-2022), “kara”, in Dydaktyczny Słownik Etymologiczno-historyczny Języka Polskiego [A Didactic, Historical, Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), →ISBN
• Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “kara 1”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)

kara

1. wing

kara (Cyrillic spelling кара)

1. third-person singular present of karati

• IPA^(key): /ˈka.ra/
• Rhymes: -ara
• Syllabification: ka‧ra

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kara.

kara f

1. punishment

Inherited from Old Polish kara.

kara f

1. wheelbarrow

   Synonyms: targŏcz, tragŏcz

• kara in dykcjonorz.eu
• kara in silling.org
• Bogdan Kallus (2020) “kara/kary”, in Słownik Gōrnoślōnskij Gŏdki, IV edition, Chorzów: Pro Loquela Silesiana, →ISBN, page 320
• Henryk Jaroszewicz (2022) “kara”, in Zasady pisowni języka śląskiego (in Polish), Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Naukowe IKR[i]BL, page 86
• Aleksandra Wencel (2023) “kara”, in Dykcjůnôrz ślų̊sko-polski, page 301

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish قره (kara), from Proto-Turkic *kara (“dark, black”).

• IPA^(key): /kaˈɾa/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ka‧ra

kara

1. black, dark

   Synonym: siyah

   Antonyms: ak, beyaz

   kara büyü ― black magic

2. brunette
3. dark skinned
4. (figuratively) evil, wicked, villainous
5. (figuratively, archaic) courageous

• → Adyghe: къарэ (qarɛ)

kara (definite accusative karayı, plural karalar)

1. black

   Synonym: siyah

   Antonym: ak

3. land, field

   Antonym: deniz

   kara göründü! ― land ahoy!

   kara, deniz ve hava kuvvetleri ― land, sea, and air forces

4. (archaic) north

Inflection
Nominative	kara
Definite accusative	karayı
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	kara	karalar
Definite accusative	karayı	karaları
Dative	karaya	karalara
Locative	karada	karalarda
Ablative	karadan	karalardan
Genitive	karanın	karaların
Possessive forms Nominative Singular Plural 1st singular karam karalarım 2nd singular karan karaların 3rd singular karası karaları 1st plural karamız karalarımız 2nd plural karanız karalarınız 3rd plural karaları karaları Definite accusative Singular Plural 1st singular karamı karalarımı 2nd singular karanı karalarını 3rd singular karasını karalarını 1st plural karamızı karalarımızı 2nd plural karanızı karalarınızı 3rd plural karalarını karalarını Dative Singular Plural 1st singular karama karalarıma 2nd singular karana karalarına 3rd singular karasına karalarına 1st plural karamıza karalarımıza 2nd plural karanıza karalarınıza 3rd plural karalarına karalarına Locative Singular Plural 1st singular karamda karalarımda 2nd singular karanda karalarında 3rd singular karasında karalarında 1st plural karamızda karalarımızda 2nd plural karanızda karalarınızda 3rd plural karalarında karalarında Ablative Singular Plural 1st singular karamdan karalarımdan 2nd singular karandan karalarından 3rd singular karasından karalarından 1st plural karamızdan karalarımızdan 2nd plural karanızdan karalarınızdan 3rd plural karalarından karalarından Genitive Singular Plural 1st singular karamın karalarımın 2nd singular karanın karalarının 3rd singular karasının karalarının 1st plural karamızın karalarımızın 2nd plural karanızın karalarınızın 3rd plural karalarının karalarının

• (compass points)

kuzeybatı	kuzey şimal kara	kuzeydoğu
batı garp ak		doğu şark gök
güneybatı	güney cenup kızıl	güneydoğu

Colors in Turkish · renkler (layout · text)

beyaz, ak	gri, boz	siyah, kara
kırmızı, kızıl; al	turuncu; kahverengi, konur, boz	sarı; bej
limon çürüğü	yeşil	nane yeşili
camgöbeği; turkuaz	gök, mavi	lacivert
eflatun; mor	pembe; mor	yavruağzı

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

kara

1. third-person singular optative of karmak

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

kara

1. bay, inlet

Inflection of kara (inflection type 5/sana)
nominative sing.	kara
genitive sing.	karan
partitive sing.	karad
partitive plur.	karoid
	singular	plural
nominative	kara	karad
accusative	karan	karad
genitive	karan	karoiden
partitive	karad	karoid
essive-instructive	karan	karoin
translative	karaks	karoikš
inessive	karas	karoiš
elative	karaspäi	karoišpäi
illative	karaha	karoihe
adessive	karal	karoil
ablative	karalpäi	karoilpäi
allative	karale	karoile
abessive	karata	karoita
comitative	karanke	karoidenke
prolative	karadme	karoidme
approximative I	karanno	karoidenno
approximative II	karannoks	karoidennoks
egressive	karannopäi	karoidennopäi
terminative I	karahasai	karoihesai
terminative II	karalesai	karoilesai
terminative III	karassai	—
additive I	karahapäi	karoihepäi
additive II	karalepäi	karoilepäi

• Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “бухта”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎^[4], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

kara

1. country
2. stone

• Mary Laughren, Rob Pensalfini, Tom Mylne, Accounting for verb-initial order in an Australian language, in Verb First: On the syntax of verb-initial languages (2005)