kurja

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Finnish

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *kurja (compare Estonian kuri (“bad, evil”)), of unclear further origin.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈkurjɑ/, [ˈkurjɑ̝]
  • Rhymes: -urjɑ
  • Hyphenation(key): kur‧ja

Adjective

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kurja (comparative kurjempi, superlative kurjin)

  1. poor, miserable, bad, abysmal
  2. miserable, wretched, pitiful, paltry
  3. wretched, dastardly, contemptible, ignoble

Declension

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Inflection of kurja (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative kurja kurjat
genitive kurjan kurjien
partitive kurjaa kurjia
illative kurjaan kurjiin
singular plural
nominative kurja kurjat
accusative nom. kurja kurjat
gen. kurjan
genitive kurjan kurjien
kurjain rare
partitive kurjaa kurjia
inessive kurjassa kurjissa
elative kurjasta kurjista
illative kurjaan kurjiin
adessive kurjalla kurjilla
ablative kurjalta kurjilta
allative kurjalle kurjille
essive kurjana kurjina
translative kurjaksi kurjiksi
abessive kurjatta kurjitta
instructive — kurjin
comitative — kurjine
Possessive forms of kurja (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative kurjani kurjani
accusative nom. kurjani kurjani
gen. kurjani
genitive kurjani kurjieni
kurjaini rare
partitive kurjaani kurjiani
inessive kurjassani kurjissani
elative kurjastani kurjistani
illative kurjaani kurjiini
adessive kurjallani kurjillani
ablative kurjaltani kurjiltani
allative kurjalleni kurjilleni
essive kurjanani kurjinani
translative kurjakseni kurjikseni
abessive kurjattani kurjittani
instructive — —
comitative — kurjineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative kurjasi kurjasi
accusative nom. kurjasi kurjasi
gen. kurjasi
genitive kurjasi kurjiesi
kurjaisi rare
partitive kurjaasi kurjiasi
inessive kurjassasi kurjissasi
elative kurjastasi kurjistasi
illative kurjaasi kurjiisi
adessive kurjallasi kurjillasi
ablative kurjaltasi kurjiltasi
allative kurjallesi kurjillesi
essive kurjanasi kurjinasi
translative kurjaksesi kurjiksesi
abessive kurjattasi kurjittasi
instructive — —
comitative — kurjinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative kurjamme kurjamme
accusative nom. kurjamme kurjamme
gen. kurjamme
genitive kurjamme kurjiemme
kurjaimme rare
partitive kurjaamme kurjiamme
inessive kurjassamme kurjissamme
elative kurjastamme kurjistamme
illative kurjaamme kurjiimme
adessive kurjallamme kurjillamme
ablative kurjaltamme kurjiltamme
allative kurjallemme kurjillemme
essive kurjanamme kurjinamme
translative kurjaksemme kurjiksemme
abessive kurjattamme kurjittamme
instructive — —
comitative — kurjinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative kurjanne kurjanne
accusative nom. kurjanne kurjanne
gen. kurjanne
genitive kurjanne kurjienne
kurjainne rare
partitive kurjaanne kurjianne
inessive kurjassanne kurjissanne
elative kurjastanne kurjistanne
illative kurjaanne kurjiinne
adessive kurjallanne kurjillanne
ablative kurjaltanne kurjiltanne
allative kurjallenne kurjillenne
essive kurjananne kurjinanne
translative kurjaksenne kurjiksenne
abessive kurjattanne kurjittanne
instructive — —
comitative — kurjinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative kurjansa kurjansa
accusative nom. kurjansa kurjansa
gen. kurjansa
genitive kurjansa kurjiensa
kurjainsa rare
partitive kurjaansa kurjiaan
kurjiansa
inessive kurjassaan
kurjassansa 		kurjissaan
kurjissansa
elative kurjastaan
kurjastansa 		kurjistaan
kurjistansa
illative kurjaansa kurjiinsa
adessive kurjallaan
kurjallansa 		kurjillaan
kurjillansa
ablative kurjaltaan
kurjaltansa 		kurjiltaan
kurjiltansa
allative kurjalleen
kurjallensa 		kurjilleen
kurjillensa
essive kurjanaan
kurjanansa 		kurjinaan
kurjinansa
translative kurjakseen
kurjaksensa 		kurjikseen
kurjiksensa
abessive kurjattaan
kurjattansa 		kurjittaan
kurjittansa
instructive — —
comitative — kurjineen
kurjinensa

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Anagrams

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Ingrian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *kurja. Cognates include Finnish kurja and Estonian kuri.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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kurja (comparative kurjemp)

  1. bad (of bad quality)
    kurja ilma ― bad weather
    • 1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by P. I. Maksimov and N. A. Iljin, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun neljättä klaassaa vart (toine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 38:
      No talohukset heil olliit kurjat ja höö tihtii näkkiit nälkää.
      But their businesses were bad and they often faced hunger.
    • 1937, N. A. Iljin, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (kolmas osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 49:
      Kurja elo hänel ono —
      Kaikkia pittää hervitä:
      A bad life he has ―
      He has to fear everyone:

Declension

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Declension of kurja (type 3/koira, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative kurja kurjat
genitive kurjan kurjiin
partitive kurjaa kurjia
illative kurjaa kurjii
inessive kurjaas kurjiis
elative kurjast kurjist
allative kurjalle kurjille
adessive kurjaal kurjiil
ablative kurjalt kurjilt
translative kurjaks kurjiks
essive kurjanna, kurjaan kurjinna, kurjiin
exessive1) kurjant kurjint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Synonyms

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See also

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References

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  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 222
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