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contraindre

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

French

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Etymology

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Inherited from Middle French constraindre, contraindre, from Old French constraindre, constreindre, contraindre, from Latin cōnstringere.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /kɔ̃.tʁɛ̃dʁ/
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

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contraindre

  1. to constrain
  2. to compel; force
    Synonyms: forcer, obliger

Conjugation

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This verb is conjugated like peindre. It uses the same endings as rendre or vendre, but its -nd- becomes -gn- before a vowel, and its past participle ends in 't' instead of a vowel.

Conjugation of contraindre (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple contraindre
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple contraignant
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲɑ̃/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle contraint
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ̃/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present contrains
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ̃/ 		contrains
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ̃/ 		contraint
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ̃/ 		contraignons
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲɔ̃/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲɔ̃/ 		contraignez
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲe/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲe/ 		contraignent
/kɔ̃.tʁɛɲ/
imperfect contraignais
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲɛ/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲɛ/ 		contraignais
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲɛ/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲɛ/ 		contraignait
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲɛ/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲɛ/ 		contraignions
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲjɔ̃/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲjɔ̃/ 		contraigniez
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲje/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲje/ 		contraignaient
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲɛ/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲɛ/
past historic2 contraignis
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲi/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲi/ 		contraignis
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲi/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲi/ 		contraignit
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲi/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲi/ 		contraignîmes
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲim/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲim/ 		contraignîtes
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲit/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲit/ 		contraignirent
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲiʁ/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲiʁ/
future contraindrai
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ̃.dʁe/ 		contraindras
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ̃.dʁa/ 		contraindra
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ̃.dʁa/ 		contraindrons
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ 		contraindrez
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ̃.dʁe/ 		contraindront
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/
conditional contraindrais
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/ 		contraindrais
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/ 		contraindrait
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/ 		contraindrions
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ 		contraindriez
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ̃.dʁi.je/ 		contraindraient
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present contraigne
/kɔ̃.tʁɛɲ/ 		contraignes
/kɔ̃.tʁɛɲ/ 		contraigne
/kɔ̃.tʁɛɲ/ 		contraignions
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲjɔ̃/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲjɔ̃/ 		contraigniez
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲje/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲje/ 		contraignent
/kɔ̃.tʁɛɲ/
imperfect2 contraignisse
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲis/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲis/ 		contraignisses
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲis/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲis/ 		contraignît
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲi/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲi/ 		contraignissions
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲi.sjɔ̃/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲi.sjɔ̃/ 		contraignissiez
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲi.sje/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲi.sje/ 		contraignissent
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲis/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲis/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — contrains
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ̃/ 		— contraignons
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲɔ̃/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲɔ̃/ 		contraignez
/kɔ̃.tʁɛ.ɲe/ or /kɔ̃.tʁe.ɲe/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

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Further reading

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