ch

ch (mixed case Ch, upper case CH)

1. A digraph from c and h, considered an individual letter in some languages.

ch

1. Alternative form of cosh (“hyperbolic cosine”)
2. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Chamorro.

ch (countable and uncountable, plural chs)

1. Abbreviation of chain, a unit of measurement equal to 22 yards
2. Abbreviation of chapter, main section of a book
   • 2007, The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, page 143:

     Ch 2 secondarily interrupts the flow between chs 1 and 3 (see 2.1–16n.).

3. Abbreviation of chestnut, a dark reddish-brown colored horse
   • 2014, Kenneth Hinchcliff, Andris Kaneps, Raymond Geor, Equine Sports Medicine and Surgery, page 675:

     NAME OF HORSE (COLOR, SEX, YEAR BORN)
     Secretariat (ch.s. 1970)

4. Abbreviation of channel, in reference to telephones, audio, radio, and television

   5.1 ch surround sound

Aphetic form of ich, utch, ultimately from Old English iċ (“I”). Compare Dutch 'k, an aphetic variant of ik (“I”). More at ich, I.

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃ/

ch

1. (obsolete, dialectal) Alternative form of I

• h/c, hc, H/C, H.C., HC, H&C

• IPA^(key): /tʃʼ/

ch (uppercase Ch)

1. A letter of the Bilen Latin alphabet.

• IPA^(key): /tʃ/

ch (upper case Ch)

1. A letter of the Mazahua alphabet.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ⱥ ⱥ, A̱ a̱, B b, C c, Cꞌ cꞌ, Cj cj, Cu cu, Cꞌu cꞌu, Cju cju, Ch ch, Chꞌ chꞌ, Chj chj, D d, Dy dy, E e, Ɇ ɇ, E̱ e̱, G g, Gu gu, Hu hu, ꞌHu ꞌhu, I i, I̱ i̱, J j, Jꞌ jꞌ, Jm jm, Jn jn, Jñ jñ, Ju ju, Jy jy, L l, M m, Mꞌ mꞌ, N n, Nꞌ nꞌ, Ñ ñ, Ñꞌ ñꞌ, O o, Ø ø, O̱ o̱, P p, Pj pj, R r, S s, T t, Tꞌ tꞌ, Tj tj, Ts ts, Tsꞌ tsꞌ, Tsj tsj, U u, Ꞹ ꞹ, U̱ u̱, X x, Z z, Zh zh, ꞌ

1. IPA^(key): /t͜ʃʰ/

ch (upper case Ch)

1. A letter of the Chipewyan alphabet, written in the Latin script.

ch (lower case, upper case CH, mixed case Ch)

1. a digraph, the fourteenth letter of the Czech alphabet, after h and before i

In names or at the beginning of a sentence the mixed case Ch is used (e. g. Chrudim).

ch

1. A digraph used in the h-sistemo to represent ĉ.

• gh, hh, jh, sh
• cx, gx, hx, jx, sx, ux

• ch.

Abbreviation of chaque (“each”).

ch (invariable)

1. ea (each)

Abbreviation of cheval-vapeur (“horsepower”).

Added

ch m (plural ch)

1. hp (horsepower)

The abbreviation ch is used for all types of (metric) horsepower except tax horsepower, which uses the initialisms cv or CV.

• IPA^(key): /ᵏǀʰ/

ch (upper case Ch)

1. A letter of the practical Hadza alphabet.

• (on its own) IPA^(key): [ˈt͡seːɦaː]
• (within words) IPA^(key): /xː/, /t͡ʃ/, /ç/, /çː/, /h/, /k/, /ʃ/ (depending on the word)

ch (lower case, upper case Ch)

1. A digraph used in several Hungarian words, as well as in some surnames, given names, and geographical names.

It is used (among others) in the following words, along with their derivations and compounds: Achilles-ín, allochton, acháj, achát, akrosztichon, almanach, anarchia/​​anarchikus/​anarchista/​anarchizmus, archaikus/​archaizál/​archaizmus, archeológia/​archeológus, archimandrita, architektúra, archivál/​archivális/​archívum, autochton, bacchanália, bacchánsnő, baldachin, barchesz, barkochba/​barkochbázik, bronchitisz, cech, chanti, charleston, charta, charter, chartizmus, chata, chianti, chorijambus, chripka, couchette, disztichon, durchmars, echó, echt, eucharisztia/​eucharisztikus, eunuch, exarcha, fach, franchise, gaucho, gouache, guttapercha, hierarchia/​​hierarchikus, hipochonder/​hipochondria, ichtioszaurusz, jacht, kapitälchen, krach, lichthóf, macher, machiavellizmus, machináció/machinál, malachit, mannlicher, matriarchátus, mazochista/​mazochizmus, mechanika/​​mechanikus/​​mechanisztikus/​mechanizál/​mechanizmus, mettlachi, moloch, monarchia/​monarchikus/​monarchista, oligarcha/​oligarchia/​oligarchikus, orchidea, patriarcha/​patriarchális/​patriarchátus, pech/​peches, poncho, poncichter, psziché/​pszichiáter/​pszichiátria/​pszichikai/​pszichikum/​pszicho-/​​pszichózis, richtig, rizskoch, sarlach, stich, strichel, szacharin, szinekdoché, sztrichnin, technika/​technikum/​technikus/​technokrácia/​technokrata/​​technológia/​technológus, trachoma, trocheus, vlach, winchester.

Officially recognized given names: Achilles, Achillesz, Áchim, Archibald, Joachim, Melchior, Orchidea, Psziché, Ráchel, Richárd.^[1]

Surnames (a selection from notable people^[2]): Aulich, Damjanich, Forgách, Keglevich, Knézich, Kovách, Laczkovich, Madách, Maderspach, Orlay Petrich, Széchenyi, Széchényi, Zách, Zichy.

Geographical names (along with their derivations, e.g. chilei): Charlestown, Chatham-szigetek, Chile, Chișinău, Déli-Georgia és Déli-Sandwich-szigetek, Liechtenstein, Nouakchott, Seychelle-szigetek as well as two settlements in Hungary, Chernelházadamonya and Zichyújfalu, a hill in Budapest, Széchenyi-hegy (named after István Széchenyi) and a neighborhood in Budapest, Széchenyihegy (named after the hill).

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	ch	ch-k
accusative	ch-t	ch-kat
dative	ch-nak	ch-knak
instrumental	ch-val	ch-kkal
causal-final	ch-ért	ch-kért
translative	ch-vá	ch-kká
terminative	ch-ig	ch-kig
essive-formal	ch-ként	ch-kként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	ch-ban	ch-kban
superessive	ch-n	ch-kon
adessive	ch-nál	ch-knál
illative	ch-ba	ch-kba
sublative	ch-ra	ch-kra
allative	ch-hoz	ch-khoz
elative	ch-ból	ch-kból
delative	ch-ról	ch-król
ablative	ch-tól	ch-któl
non-attributive possessive - singular	ch-é	ch-ké
non-attributive possessive - plural	ch-éi	ch-kéi

Possessive forms of ch
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	ch-m	ch-im
2nd person sing.	ch-d	ch-id
3rd person sing.	ch-ja	ch-i
1st person plural	ch-nk	ch-ink
2nd person plural	ch-tok	ch-itok
3rd person plural	ch-juk	ch-ik

• (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.

1. IPA^(key): /x/, /ç/

ch (upper case Ch)

1. A digraph in Irish orthography

ch (upper case Ch)

1. (obsolete, Tindall orthography) A letter of the Khoekhoe alphabet; modern ǀh.

ch (lower case, upper case CH, mixed case Ch)

1. (obsolete) a letter used in older, pre-World-War-II Latvian spelling, but now replaced everywhere by h (upper case H)

This letter can still be found in older books, or in books written by the Latvian diaspora prior to the fall of the Soviet Union. It used to represent the sound of IPA symbol /x/, as distinct from /h/; but since these sounds have merged as /x/ in current Latvian pronunciation, <h> (= /x/) is now used in all cases.

• IPA^(key): /x/

ch (upper case CH, mixed case Ch)

1. The twelfth letter of the Lower Sorbian alphabet, called cha and written in the Latin script.

Alphabetized between H and I.

• (Latin-script letters) pismik; A a, B b, C c, Č č, Ć ć, D d, E e, Ě ě, F f, G g, H h, Ch ch, I i, J j, K k, Ł ł, L l, M m, N n, Ń ń, O o (Ó ó), P p, R r, Ŕ ŕ, S s, Š š, Ś ś, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Z z, Ž ž, Ź ź
• (obsolete letters) B́ b́, Ė ė, Ḿ ḿ, Ṅ ṅ, Ṕ ṕ, Ṙ ṙ, ſ, ß, Ꞩ ẜ, Ẃ ẃ, Ẇ ẇ, Ż ż

• IPA^(key): /tʃʰ/

ch (uppercase Ch)

1. A letter of the Mam alphabet.

• IPA^(key): [t͜sʰ]

ch

1. A letter of the Osage Latin alphabet. Osage script 𐓴.

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /x/

ch (upper case Ch)

1. The sixteenth letter of the Slovak alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) písmeno; A a, Á á, Ä ä, B b, C c, Č č, D d, Ď ď, Dz dz, Dž dž, E e, É é, F f, G g, H h, Ch ch, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ĺ ĺ, Ľ ľ, M m, N n, Ň ň, O o, Ó ó, Ô ô, P p, Q q, R r, Ŕ ŕ, S s, Š š, T t, Ť ť, U u, Ú ú, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Ý ý, Z z, Ž ž

• “ch”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024

ch (lower case, upper case CH, mixed case Ch)

1. che, the former fourth letter of the Spanish alphabet, after c and before d

• Since 1994, this letter has been treated as c followed by h for collation (sorting) purposes only. In 2010, this letter was officially removed by the RAE from the Spanish alphabet.

• “ch”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28

Borrowed from Spanish ch.

• (Standard Tagalog)
  • IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃe/ [ˈt͡ʃɛ] (letter name, chiefly upper class)
    • IPA^(key): (no yod coalescence) /ˈtse/ [ˈt̪sɛ] (letter name, chiefly upper class)
    • Rhymes: -e
  • IPA^(key): /ˈt͡se/ [ˈt͡sɛ] (letter name)
    • Rhymes: -e
  • IPA^(key): /ˈse/ [ˈsɛ] (letter name)
    • Rhymes: -e
  • IPA^(key): /t͡ʃ/ [t͡ʃ] (phoneme, chiefly upper class)
    • IPA^(key): (no yod coalescence) /ts/ [t̪s] (phoneme, chiefly upper class)
  • IPA^(key): /ts/ [ts] (phoneme)
  • IPA^(key): /s/ [s] (phoneme)

ch (lower case, upper case CH, Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒ) (historical)

1. The fourth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called che and written in the Latin script.

• IPA^(key): /tʃʰ/

ch (upper case Ch)

1. A letter of the Tlingit alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• Canada: (Latin-script letters) A a, Á á, À à,  â, Ch ch, Chʼ chʼ, D d, Dł dł, Dz dz, E e, É é, È è, Ê ê, G g, Gw gw, Gh gh, Ghw ghw, H h, I i, Í í, Ì ì, Πî, J j, K k, Kw kw, Kʼ kʼ, Kʼw kʼw, Kh kh, Khw khw, Khʼ khʼ, Khʼw khʼw (L l), Ł ł, Łʼ łʼ (M m), N n (O o), S s, Sʼ sʼ, Sh sh, T t, Tʼ tʼ, Tl tl, Tlʼ tlʼ, Ts ts, Tsʼ tsʼ, U u, Ú ú, Ù ù, Û û, W w, X x, Xw xw, Xʼ xʼ, Xʼw xʼw, Xh xh, Xhw xhw, Xhʼ xhʼ, Xhʼw xhʼw, Y y (Ÿ ÿ), ․
• US: (Latin-script letters) A a, Á á, Aa aa, Áa áa, Ch ch, Chʼ chʼ, D d, Dl dl, Dz dz, E e, É é, Ee ee, Ée ée, Ei ei, Éi éi, G g, Gw gw, G̱ g̱, G̱w g̱w, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, Kw kw, Kʼ kʼ, Kʼw kʼw, Ḵ ḵ, Ḵw ḵw, Ḵʼ ḵʼ, Ḵʼw ḵʼw, L l, Lʼ lʼ (Ḻ ḻ, M m), N n (O o), Oo oo, Óo óo, S s, Sʼ sʼ, Sh sh, T t, Tʼ tʼ, Tl tl, Tlʼ tlʼ, Ts ts, Tsʼ tsʼ, U u, Ú ú, W w, X x, Xw xw, Xʼ xʼ, Xʼw xʼw, X̱ x̱, X̱w x̱w, X̱ʼ x̱ʼ, X̱ʼw x̱ʼw, Y y (Ÿ ÿ, Y̱ y̱), ․

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /tʃ/

ch (upper case Ch)

1. The twenty-eighth letter of the Uzbek alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) harf; A a, B b, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, X x, Y y, Z z, Oʻ oʻ, Gʻ gʻ, Sh sh, Ch ch, Ng ng

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [se˧˧ haːt̚˧˦], [t͡ɕəː˨˩], [t͡ɕəː˨˩ ɲɛ˧˨ʔ]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [sej˧˧ haːk̚˦˧˥], [t͡ɕəː˦˩], [t͡ɕəː˦˩ ɲɛ˨˩ʔ]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [sej˧˧ haːk̚˦˥], [cəː˨˩], [cəː˨˩ ɲɛ˨˩˨]
• Phonetic spelling: xê hát, chờ, chờ nhẹ

ch (lower case, upper case CH, mixed case Ch)

1. (dated) Traditionally the sixth letter of the Vietnamese alphabet, called xê hát, chờ or chờ nhẹ and written in the Latin script.

• (Quốc ngữ letters) chữ cái; A a (À à, Ả ả, àã, Á á, Ạ ạ), Ă ă (Ằ ằ, Ẳ ẳ, Ẵ ẵ, Ắ ắ, Ặ ặ),  â (Ầ ầ, Ẩ ẩ, Ẫ ẫ, Ấ ấ, Ậ ậ), B b, C c (Ch ch), D d, Đ đ, E e (È è, Ẻ ẻ, Ẽ ẽ, É é, Ẹ ẹ), Ê ê (Ề ề, Ể ể, Ễ ễ, Ế ế, Ệ ệ), G g (Gh gh, Gi gi), H h, I i (Ì ì, Ỉ ỉ, Ĩ ĩ, Í í, Ị ị), K k (Kh kh), L l, M m, N n (Ng ng, Ngh ngh, Nh nh), O o (Ò ò, Ỏ ỏ, Õ õ, Ó ó, Ọ ọ), Ô ô (Ồ ồ, Ổ ổ, Ỗ ỗ, Ố ố, Ộ ộ), Ơ ơ (Ờ ờ, Ở ở, Ỡ ỡ, Ớ ớ, Ợ ợ), P p (Ph ph), Q q (Qu qu), R r, S s, T t (Th th, Tr tr), U u (Ù ù, Ủ ủ, Ũ ũ, Ú ú, Ụ ụ), Ư ư (Ừ ừ, Ử ử, Ữ ữ, Ứ ứ, Ự ự), V v, X x, Y y (Ỳ ỳ, Ỷ ỷ, Ỹ ỹ, Ý ý, Ỵ ỵ)

• (standard) IPA^(key): /ɛχ/
  • (informal) IPA^(key): /χ(ː)/

ch (lower case, upper case Ch)

1. The fourth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called èch and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by C and followed by D.

Like the other Welsh digraphs, ch is considered a distinct letter of the Welsh alphabet for all purposes, including collation. Thus, chwech is alphabetically sorted after cyllell.

• ch cannot be mutated in Welsh.

• (Latin-script letters) llythyren; A a (Á á, À à,  â, Ä ä), B b, C c, Ch ch, D d, Dd dd, E e (É é, È è, Ê ê, Ë ë), F f, Ff ff, G g, Ng ng, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Πî, Ï ï), J j, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ô ô, Ö ö), P p, Ph ph, R r, Rh rh, S s, T t, Th th, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Û û, Ü ü), W w (Ẃ ẃ, Ẁ ẁ, Ŵ ŵ, Ẅ ẅ), Y y (Ý ý, Ỳ ỳ, Ŷ ŷ, Ÿ ÿ)

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ch”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

• IPA^(key): /ᵏǀʰ/

ch (upper case Ch)

1. A digraph in Xhosa orthography.

• IPA^(key): /t̪ʲ/ (pronounced [t͡ɕ])

ch (upper case Ch)

1. A letter of the Yele alphabet.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, â, b, Ch ch, D d, e, é, ê, Gh gh, i, î, j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ń ń, o, ó, P p, T t, U u, V v, W w, Y y, ꞉