carduus

• cardus, cardō, carda

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *kars- (“to scratch, scrape, rub, card”). See also Sanskrit कषति (kaṣati, “scratches, rubs”), Middle Low German harsch (“hairy”), Russian короста (korosta, “scab”), Old Church Slavonic краста (krasta), Lithuanian karsiu (“to comb”).

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈkar.du.us/, [ˈkärd̪uʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈkar.du.us/, [ˈkärd̪uːs]

carduus m (genitive carduī); second declension

1. a wild thistle
2. the artichoke

Second-declension noun.

• cardinus
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: cardeo
  • Spanish: cárdeno
• carduēlis
• carduētum

• Italian: cardo
• Old French: (from Medieval Latin cardō)
  • French: chardon
• Old Occitan: cardon (from Medieval Latin cardō)
  • → Italian: cardone
  • → Middle French: cardon
    • French: cardon
    • → English: cardoon
  • → Sicilian: carduni
• Old Occitan: carda f (possibly, or from *caritō, from carō (“to comb”))
  • Catalan: card
  • → Old French: carde
    • French: carde
      • → English: chard
      • → Romanian: carda
    • → English: card (“comb”)
    • → Dutch: kaarden
• Old Galician-Portuguese:
  • Galician: cardo
  • Portuguese: cardo
• Old Spanish:
  • Spanish: cardo
• Piedmontese: card
• Sicilian: cardu
• → Proto-West Germanic: *kardā f (see there for further descendants)

• “carduus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers