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From Proto-Vietic *t-kɛːŋʔ ~ *t-gɛːŋʔ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kaŋ ~ *kaaŋ ~ *kaiŋ() ~ *kiəŋ ~ *kaik; cognate with Arem kɑːŋˀ, Chut [Rục] təkɛːŋ³ and Sedang tơkang.

Pain (2020) thinks that the tonal disharmonies were due to emergence of two Late proto-Vietic sociolects: a lightly sinicised peripheric hinterland sociolect and a heavily sinicised urban sociolect.^[1]

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [kajŋ̟˨˩]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [kɛɲ˦˩]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [kan˨˩]

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1. tree branch

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1. (colloquial, Northern Vietnam) one thousand dongs

• xị (“ten thousand or one hundred thousand dongs”);
• lít (“one hundred thousand or one million dongs”)
• chai; củ (“one million dongs”)