becsuk
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Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]becsuk
- (transitive) to shut, to close (to stop from being open)
- Antonym: kinyit
- Middle-voice counterpart: becsukódik
- Csukd be az ajtót, légy szíves. ― Please shut the door.
- A fény olyan erős volt, hogy be kellett csuknom a szememet. ― The light was so bright I had to shut my eyes.
- (transitive, intransitive) Synonym of bezár (“to close down, to shut”) (to close a business temporarily or permanently)
- Becsukták a bányát, mert életveszélyes volt. ― They closed the mine down as it was in a dangerous condition.
- A gyógyszertár vasárnap be van csukva. ― The pharmacy is closed on Sunday.
- (transitive) to lock up (to imprison or incarcerate someone)
- Synonym: bebörtönöz
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of becsuk
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | becsukok | becsuksz | becsuk | becsukunk | becsuktok | becsuknak | |
| Def. | becsukom | becsukod | becsukja | becsukjuk | becsukjátok | becsukják | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | becsuklak | ― | |||||||
| Past | Indef. | becsuktam | becsuktál | becsukott | becsuktunk | becsuktatok | becsuktak | ||
| Def. | becsuktam | becsuktad | becsukta | becsuktuk | becsuktátok | becsukták | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | becsuktalak | ― | |||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. be fog csukni. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | becsukék | becsukál | becsuka | becsukánk | becsukátok | becsukának | ||
| Def. | becsukám | becsukád | becsuká | becsukánk | becsukátok | becsukák | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | becsukálak | ― | |||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. becsuk vala, becsukott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | becsukandok | becsukandasz | becsukand | becsukandunk | becsukandotok | becsukandanak | ||
| Def. | becsukandom | becsukandod | becsukandja | becsukandjuk | becsukandjátok | becsukandják | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | becsukandalak | ― | |||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | becsuknék | becsuknál | becsukna | becsuknánk | becsuknátok | becsuknának | |
| Def. | becsuknám | becsuknád | becsukná | becsuknánk (or becsuknók) |
becsuknátok | becsuknák | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | becsuknálak | ― | |||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. becsukott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | becsukjak | becsukj or becsukjál |
becsukjon | becsukjunk | becsukjatok | becsukjanak | |
| Def. | becsukjam | becsukd or becsukjad |
becsukja | becsukjuk | becsukjátok | becsukják | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | becsukjalak | ― | |||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. becsukott légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | becsukni | becsuknom | becsuknod | becsuknia | becsuknunk | becsuknotok | becsukniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| becsukás | becsukó | becsukott | becsukandó | becsukva (becsukván) | becsukat | ||||
| The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
| The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g. nem csuk be or be is csuk. | |||||||||
potential conjugation of becsuk
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | becsukhatok | becsukhatsz | becsukhat | becsukhatunk | becsukhattok | becsukhatnak | |
| Def. | becsukhatom | becsukhatod | becsukhatja | becsukhatjuk | becsukhatjátok | becsukhatják | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | becsukhatlak | ― | |||||||
| Past | Indef. | becsukhattam | becsukhattál | becsukhatott | becsukhattunk | becsukhattatok | becsukhattak | ||
| Def. | becsukhattam | becsukhattad | becsukhatta | becsukhattuk | becsukhattátok | becsukhatták | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | becsukhattalak | ― | |||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | becsukhaték | becsukhatál | becsukhata | becsukhatánk | becsukhatátok | becsukhatának | ||
| Def. | becsukhatám | becsukhatád | becsukhatá | becsukhatánk | becsukhatátok | becsukhaták | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | becsukhatálak | ― | |||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. becsukhat vala, becsukhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | becsukhatandok or becsukandhatok |
becsukhatandasz or becsukandhatsz |
becsukhatand or becsukandhat |
becsukhatandunk or becsukandhatunk |
becsukhatandotok or becsukandhattok |
becsukhatandanak or becsukandhatnak | ||
| Def. | becsukhatandom or becsukandhatom |
becsukhatandod or becsukandhatod |
becsukhatandja or becsukandhatja |
becsukhatandjuk or becsukandhatjuk |
becsukhatandjátok or becsukandhatjátok |
becsukhatandják or becsukandhatják | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | becsukhatandalak or becsukandhatlak |
― | |||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | becsukhatnék | becsukhatnál | becsukhatna | becsukhatnánk | becsukhatnátok | becsukhatnának | |
| Def. | becsukhatnám | becsukhatnád | becsukhatná | becsukhatnánk (or becsukhatnók) |
becsukhatnátok | becsukhatnák | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | becsukhatnálak | ― | |||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. becsukhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | becsukhassak | becsukhass or becsukhassál |
becsukhasson | becsukhassunk | becsukhassatok | becsukhassanak | |
| Def. | becsukhassam | becsukhasd or becsukhassad |
becsukhassa | becsukhassuk | becsukhassátok | becsukhassák | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | becsukhassalak | ― | |||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. becsukhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (becsukhatni) | (becsukhatnom) | (becsukhatnod) | (becsukhatnia) | (becsukhatnunk) | (becsukhatnotok) | (becsukhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | becsukható | Neg. adj. | becsukhatatlan | Adv. part. | (becsukhatva / becsukhatván) | ||||
| The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g. nem csukhat be or be is csukhat. | |||||||||
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- becsuk in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- becsuk in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).