baron

From Middle English baroun, from Old French baron, from Latin barōnem, from Proto-West Germanic *barō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear”). Cognate with Old High German baro (“human being, man, freeman”), Old English bora (“a man who bears responsibility, one who is in charge, a ruler”), and perhaps to Old English beorn (“man, warrior”). Used in early Germanic law in the sense of "man, human being".

A Celtic origin has also been suggested; see the quote under sense 3 of Latin barō. However, the OED takes the hypothetical Proto-Celtic *bar- (“hero”) to be a figment.

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈbæɹən/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• (General American) enPR: bă'rən
  • (without the Mary–marry–merry merger) IPA^(key): /ˈbæɹən/
  • (Mary–marry–merry merger) IPA^(key): /ˈbɛəɹən/
• Rhymes: -æɹən
• Homophone: barren

baron (plural barons)

1. The male ruler of a barony.
2. A male member of the lowest rank of English nobility (the equivalent rank in Scotland is lord).

   Coordinate terms: don, duke, earl, lord, prince, baronet

3. (by extension) A person of great power in society, especially in business and politics.

   Synonyms: magnate, tycoon; see also Thesaurus:important person

   • c. 1948, George Orwell, Such, Such Were the Joys:

     There were a few exotics among them — some South American boys, sons of Argentine beef barons, one or two Russians, and even a Siamese prince, or someone who was described as a prince.

   • 2013 August 10, Lexington, “Keeping the mighty honest”, in The Economist‎^[1], volume 408, number 8848:

     British journalists shun complete respectability, feeling a duty to be ready to savage the mighty, or rummage through their bins. Elsewhere in Europe, government contracts and subsidies ensure that press barons will only defy the mighty so far.

4. (UK, prison slang) A prisoner who gains power and influence by lending or selling goods such as tobacco.
   • 1960, Hugh J. Klare, Anatomy of Prison, page 33:

     The first thing a baron does is to accumulate a supply of tobacco. He spends every penny he can earn on laying it in […]

   • 1961, Peter Baker, Time out of life, page 51:

     Nevertheless, from my own agonies of the first few months, after which I did not miss smoking at all, I could appreciate the need of others. It was in this atmosphere of craving that the 'barons' thrived. Barons are prisoners who lend tobacco.

   • 1980, Leonard Michaels, Christopher Ricks, The State of the Language, page 525:

     In British prisons tobacco still remains the gold standard which is made to back every transaction and promise. The official allowance is barely sufficient for individual smoking needs, but tobacco may expensively be borrowed or bought from a baron, possibly through his runner.

5. A baron of beef, a cut made up of a double sirloin.
   • 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “chapter 34”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:

     Such portentous appetites had Queequeg and Tashtego, that to fill out the vacancies made by the previous repast, often the pale Dough-Boy was fain to bring on a great baron of salt-junk, seemingly quarried out of the solid ox.

6. Any of various nymphalid butterflies of the genus Euthalia.
7. (law, obsolete) A husband.

   Coordinate term: wife

   baron and femme ― husband and wife

• baroness
• baronetcy
• baronial
• baronne

• "baron n.", Oxford English Dictionary, Second edition, 1989; first published in New English Dictionary, 1885.

• NORBA, aborn, Nabor, Bonar, Barno, Borna, Orban, Abron, Rabon, bonar, Arbon

Borrowed from Russian барон (baron).

• IPA^(key): [bɑˈron]
• Hyphenation: ba‧ron

baron (definite accusative baronu, plural baronlar)

1. baron

Declension of baron
	singular	plural
nominative	baron	baronlar
definite accusative	baronu	baronları
dative	barona	baronlara
locative	baronda	baronlarda
ablative	barondan	baronlardan
definite genitive	baronun	baronların

Possessive forms of baron
	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	baronum	baronlarım
sənin (“your”)	baronun	baronların
onun (“his/her/its”)	baronu	baronları
bizim (“our”)	baronumuz	baronlarımız
sizin (“your”)	baronunuz	baronlarınız
onların (“their”)	baronu or baronları	baronları
	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	baronumu	baronlarımı
sənin (“your”)	baronunu	baronlarını
onun (“his/her/its”)	baronunu	baronlarını
bizim (“our”)	baronumuzu	baronlarımızı
sizin (“your”)	baronunuzu	baronlarınızı
onların (“their”)	baronunu or baronlarını	baronlarını
	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	baronuma	baronlarıma
sənin (“your”)	baronuna	baronlarına
onun (“his/her/its”)	baronuna	baronlarına
bizim (“our”)	baronumuza	baronlarımıza
sizin (“your”)	baronunuza	baronlarınıza
onların (“their”)	baronuna or baronlarına	baronlarına
	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	baronumda	baronlarımda
sənin (“your”)	baronunda	baronlarında
onun (“his/her/its”)	baronunda	baronlarında
bizim (“our”)	baronumuzda	baronlarımızda
sizin (“your”)	baronunuzda	baronlarınızda
onların (“their”)	baronunda or baronlarında	baronlarında
	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	baronumdan	baronlarımdan
sənin (“your”)	baronundan	baronlarından
onun (“his/her/its”)	baronundan	baronlarından
bizim (“our”)	baronumuzdan	baronlarımızdan
sizin (“your”)	baronunuzdan	baronlarınızdan
onların (“their”)	baronundan or baronlarından	baronlarından
	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	baronumun	baronlarımın
sənin (“your”)	baronunun	baronlarının
onun (“his/her/its”)	baronunun	baronlarının
bizim (“our”)	baronumuzun	baronlarımızın
sizin (“your”)	baronunuzun	baronlarınızın
onların (“their”)	baronunun or baronlarının	baronlarının

• “baron” in Obastan.com.

From Old Norse barún, from Old French baron.

baron c (singular definite baronen, plural indefinite baroner)

1. baron (a nobleman, in Denmark since 1849 without privileges)

• baroni

• baronesse

• “baron” in Den Danske Ordbog

Readjustment from earlier baroen through modern French influence, from Middle Dutch baroen, from Old French baron.

• IPA^(key): /baːˈrɔn/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ba‧ron
• Rhymes: -ɔn

baron m (plural baronnen, diminutive baronnetje n, feminine barones)

1. baron, a specific aristocratic title
2. a magnate, especially a wealthy and influential (industrial) entrepreneur

• barones
• oliebaron
• suikerbaron
• textielbaron

• baronie

• → Indonesian: baron
• → Javanese: ꦧꦫꦺꦴꦤ꧀ (baron)

• IPA^(key): [ˈbaron]
• Rhymes: -aron
• Hyphenation: ba‧ron

baron

1. accusative singular of baro

Inherited from Middle French baron, from Old French baron, from Latin barōnem.

• IPA^(key): /ba.ʁɔ̃/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔ̃

baron m (plural barons, feminine baronne)

1. baron, lord, noble landowner

• Haitian Creole: baron
• → Arabic: بارون (bārōn)
• → Hungarian: báró
• → Polish: baron
• → Ottoman Turkish: بارون (baron)
  • Turkish: baron
• → Persian: بارون (bâron)
• → Romanian: baron
• → Russian: баро́н (barón)
  • → Armenian: բարոն (baron)
  • → Azerbaijani: baron
  • → Georgian: ბარონი (baroni)
  • → Ingrian: baroni
  • → Uzbek: baron

• “baron”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

• borna

Borrowed from Dutch baron.

• IPA^(key): [ˈbarɔn]
• Rhymes: -rɔn, -ɔn, -n
• Hyphenation: ba‧ron

baron (first-person possessive baronku, second-person possessive baronmu, third-person possessive baronnya)

1. baron: the male ruler of a barony; a title for European noblemen.

• “baron” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

baron

1. Romanization of ꦧꦫꦺꦴꦤ꧀

baron

1. Alternative form of bareyne

baron

1. Alternative form of baroun

Inherited from Old French baron.

baron m (plural barons)

1. baron (nobleman)

• French: baron
  • Haitian Creole: baron
  • → Arabic: بارون (bārōn)
  • → Hungarian: báró
  • → Polish: baron
  • → Ottoman Turkish: بارون (baron)
    • Turkish: baron
  • → Persian: بارون (bâron)
  • → Romanian: baron
  • → Russian: баро́н (barón)
    • → Armenian: բարոն (baron)
    • → Azerbaijani: baron
    • → Georgian: ბარონი (baroni)
    • → Ingrian: baroni
    • → Uzbek: baron

baron m (plural barons)

1. Alternative form of bâron

From Old Norse barún, from Old French baron.

baron m (definite singular baronen, indefinite plural baroner, definite plural baronene)

1. a baron

• baronesse

• “baron” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

From Old Norse barún, from Old French baron.

baron m (definite singular baronen, indefinite plural baronar, definite plural baronane)

1. a baron

• baronesse

• “baron” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

From Proto-West Germanic *baʀōn, from Proto-Germanic *bazōną. Equivalent to bar +‎ -on.

baron

1. to reveal, to make public

• Middle Dutch: bāren
  • Dutch: baren

• “baron”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

• baroun, barun

Inherited from Latin barōnem.

The nominative singular ber is a regular outcome of the Latin nominative barō.

baron oblique singular, m (oblique plural barons, nominative singular ber, nominative plural baron)

1. baron (title of nobility)
2. husband

   Synonym: mari

• Middle French: baron (see there for further descendants)
• Norman: bâron
• Picard: barôn
• Walloon: baron
• → Italian: barone
• → Middle Armenian: պարոն (paron)
  • Armenian: պարոն (paron)
• → Middle Dutch: baroen
  • Dutch: baron (readjusted per French)
• → Middle English: baroun, baron, barone, baroon, barown, barowne, barun, beron
  • English: baron
  • Scots: baron
• → Middle Irish: barún
  • Irish: barún
• → Middle Low German: barōn
• → Middle High German: barūn, barōne
  • German: Baron (see there for further descendants)
• →? Old Galician-Portuguese:
  • Galician: barón
  • Portuguese: barão
• → Old Norse: barún
  • Icelandic: barón
  • Norwegian: baron
  • Swedish: baron
  • Danish: baron
• → Old Spanish: baron (partially)
  • Spanish: barón
• → Sicilian: baruni

• varon

Inherited from Latin barōnem.

baron m (plural barões)

1. man (adult male human)

   Synonym: home

   • 13th c, A. López Ferreiro, editor, Fueros Municipales de Santiago y de su tierra, page 699:

     aquel pecado escumungado que fazen os barones unos con outros

     that excommunicated sin that men do with one another

   • c. 1295, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla, Ourense: I.E.O.P.F, page 814:

     ca esta (he) muy boa et nobre rreyna dona Berĩguela co[m] tamana aguça gardou sempre este fillo et llj meteu no curaçõ feyto de obras de piedade de ome barõ, mãçebo et nino, et todo linagẽ de omes -esto he barõ et moller-

     because this very noble and excellent queen, Lady Berenguela, with great care protected her son and put in his heart acts of piety of adult man, young man and boy, and of all the lineage of men - that is, man and woman -

• Galician: varón
• Portuguese: varão

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “baron”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “baron”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG

• varon

Inherited from Latin barōnem. Sense 3 taken from the Old French cognate baron. Coromines considers the more general sense 2, which is attested earlier, to be indigenous.

• IPA^(key): /baˈɾon/

baron m

1. man
   • c. 1200, La Fazienda de Ultramar, fol 6r

     Los de ysmael vendieron a ioseph a furtifar el egypcio de pharaon conestable. en essa ora, exio iuda asos ermanos e vna mugier, fija de un baron de Canaan

     The people of Ishmael sold Joseph to Potiphar the Egyptian Pharaoh's Constable. At that time, Juda departed to his brothers and a woman, the daughter of a man of Canaan.

2. nobleman
3. baron

• Spanish: varón, barón

• Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1984) “barón”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), volume I (A–Ca), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 514

Borrowed from French baron.

• IPA^(key): /ˈba.rɔn/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -arɔn
• Syllabification: ba‧ron

baron m pers (female equivalent baronessa, diminutive baronek)

1. (historical) baron, lord (male ruler of a barony)

baron m pers

1. (figurative) baron, lord (person of great power in society, especially in business and politics)

   Synonym: potentat

• baron in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• baron in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Borrowed from French baron.

baron m (plural baroni)

1. baron

Derived from Old French baron.

• IPA^(key): /bǎroːn/
• Hyphenation: ba‧ron

bàrōn m (Cyrillic spelling ба̀ро̄н)

1. baron (title of nobility)

Borrowed from Old French baron.

• Audio:

  (file)

baron c (feminine: baronessa)

1. a baron, a ruler of a barony

• baron in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker
• baron in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

• banor, bonar, borna, nabor

Borrowed from Spanish barón.

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /baˈɾon/ [bɐˈɾon̪]
• Rhymes: -on
• Syllabification: ba‧ron

barón (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜇᜓᜈ᜔)

1. baron (title of nobility)

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish بارون (baron), from French baron.^[1]

• IPA^(key): /baˈɾon/
• Hyphenation: ba‧ron

baron (definite accusative baronu, plural baronlar)

1. baron (title of nobility in Europe between knight and viscount)

Inflection
Nominative	baron
Definite accusative	baronu
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	baron	baronlar
Definite accusative	baronu	baronları
Dative	barona	baronlara
Locative	baronda	baronlarda
Ablative	barondan	baronlardan
Genitive	baronun	baronların
Predicative forms Singular Plural 1st singular baronum baronlarım 2nd singular baronsun baronlarsın 3rd singular baron barondur baronlar baronlardır 1st plural baronuz baronlarız 2nd plural baronsunuz baronlarsınız 3rd plural baronlar baronlardır

• “baron”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “baron”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 472

Borrowed from Russian барон (baron).

baron (plural baronlar)

1. baron