osa

osa

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Osage.

From usa, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uʀsa, compare Dupaningan Agta ogsa and Malay rusa.

osa

1. deer

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *osь. Cognates include Polish oś, Slovak os and German Achse.

• IPA^(key): [ˈosa]
• Rhymes: -osa

osa f

1. axis (of symmetry or rotation)

   osa souměrnosti ― axis of symmetry

   osa otáčení ― axis of rotation

2. axis (of a coordinate system)

   osa x ― x-axis

   vodorovná osa ― horizontal axis

   svislá osa ― vertical axis

• “osa”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “osa”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “osa”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

From Proto-Finnic *osa, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *ońća. Cognates include Finnish osa and Hungarian oszt.

osa (genitive osa, partitive osa)

1. part

Declension of osa (ÕS type 17i/pesa, no gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		osa	osad
accusative	nom.
	gen.	osa
genitive			osade
partitive		osa	osi osasid
illative		ossa osasse	osadesse osisse
inessive		osas	osades osis
elative		osast	osadest osist
allative		osale	osadele osile
adessive		osal	osadel osil
ablative		osalt	osadelt osilt
translative		osaks	osadeks osiks
terminative		osani	osadeni
essive		osana	osadena
abessive		osata	osadeta
comitative		osaga	osadega

• osake

• tükk

From Proto-Finnic *osa, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *ońća, borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hónćos (later *Hánćas),^[1] from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ónḱos. Cognates include Estonian osa and possibly Hungarian ágyék.

• IPA^(key): /ˈosɑ/, [ˈo̞s̠ɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -osɑ
• Syllabification^(key): o‧sa

osa

1. part (fraction of a whole)

   Koko Gallia on jaettu kolmeen osaan.

   (All of) Gaul is divided into three parts.

   suurimmaksi osaksi ― for the most part

   suurin osa ― bulk, majority, most

   Suurimmalla osalla ystävistäni on auto.

   Most of my friends have a car.

   (literally, “The largest part of my friends have a car.”)

   Suurin osa vastaajista/vastaajia oli samaa mieltä.

   Most respondents agreed.

   (literally, “The largest part of the respondents were of the same opinion.”)

   Osa heistä oli eri mieltä.

   Some of them disagreed.

   (literally, “A part of them were of a different opinion.”)

2. part (distinct element of something larger); piece (one of many very similar or identical elements)

   varaosa ― part / spare part

   yksi osa tästä palapelistä puuttuu ― one piece of this puzzle is missing

   purkaa osiin ― to dismantle

3. one/a -th, one/a third, one/a fourth, etc. (used to express fractions by means of an ordinal number as the modifier; see usage notes)

   kolmasosa ― one / a third

   kaksi kolmasosaa ― two thirds

   neljäskymmenesseitsemäsosa ― one forty-seventh

4. part (unit of relative proportion in a mixture)

   kolme osaa giniä ja yksi osa vermuttia

   three parts gin and one part vermouth

5. part (section of a document)
6. role, part (position or role in a play, film, etc.)

   sivuosa ― supporting role

7. part (part of a larger whole); piece (when removable)

   Olen osa ihmiskuntaa.

   I am a part of humanity.

   Haluan tämän osan.

   I want this piece.

8. proportion, section, part (quantity of something that is part of the whole amount or number)

   En tarkoita kaikkia ystäviäsi - vain pientä osaa heistä.

   I don't mean all of your friends - only a few of them.

9. partition, portion, division (separated part of anything)
10. bit, part (individual contribution toward an overall effort)

    Olen tehnyt osani.

    I have done my bit.

11. (sports, in the plural) bit (fraction of a second)

    Hänen aikansa oli 47 sekuntia ja osia.

    His time was 47 seconds and bits.

12. lot, portion (part, or fate, that falls to one without planning)
13. share (portion of something, especially a portion given or allotted to someone)
14. volume, tome (single book of a publication issued in multi-book format)

    tietosanakirjan kolmas osa ― the third volume of the encyclopedia

15. episode, installment (part of a published or broadcast serial)

    Tämä jatkokertomus muuttuu mielenkiintoisemmaksi osa osalta.

    This serial story grows in more interesting with each successive installment.

16. (music) movement (large division of a larger composition)
17. (as modifier) partial

    osatotuus ― partial truth

• (fractions): In common language, one (and specifically one) third, fourth, etc. is more commonly expressed by using -s (kolmas → kolmannes, neljäs → neljännes). "half" is expressed with a different word altogether, puoli (which is used in the plural, puolet, when talking about one half of something, and in singular chiefly only when talking about an abstract quantity). In mathematics, fractions are practically always expressed with osa, as is done when the numerator is not one (as in one of the usage examples).

• (lot): kohtalo
• (share): osuus
• (partial): osittainen

• “osa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

• oas

• IPA^(key): /o.za/

• Audio:

  (file)

osa

1. third-person singular past historic of oser

• OAS

From Latin ursa (“female bear”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈosa̝/

osa m (plural osas)

1. female bear

Cognate with Spanish huesa.^[1]

• IPA^(key): /ˈɔsa̝/

osa f (plural osas)

1. grave, sepulture

• “osa”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “osa”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “osa”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

From Proto-Finnic *osa. Cognates include Finnish osa and Estonian osa.

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈosɑ/, [ˈo̞s̠ɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈosɑ/, [ˈo̞ʒ̥ɑ]
• Rhymes: -osɑ
• Hyphenation: o‧sa

osa

1. part, share
   • 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎^[3], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 3:

     Osa iƶoroist veel nytkii kutsuu itsiätä karjalaisiks.

     Some Ingrians even now still call themselves Karelians.

     (literally, “A part from the Ingrians now still call themselves Karelians.”)

Declension of osa (type 3/koira, no gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	osa	osat
genitive	osan	ossiin
partitive	ossaa	ossia
illative	ossaa	ossii
inessive	osas	osis
elative	osast	osist
allative	osalle	osille
adessive	osal	osil
ablative	osalt	osilt
translative	osaks	osiks
essive	osanna, ossaan	osinna, ossiin
exessive1)	osant	osint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

• jako

• V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎^[4], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 42
• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 366

• IPA^(key): [ˈɔsˠə]

osa m pl

1. vocative plural of os

Irish mutation
Radical	Eclipsis	with h-prothesis	with t-prothesis
osa	n-osa	hosa	not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

osa f sg

1. feminine singular of oso

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

osa

1. inflection of osare:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

• Aso

osa

1. Rōmaji transcription of おさ

ōsa

1. inflection of ōsus:
   1. nominative/vocative feminine singular
   2. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

ōsā

1. ablative feminine singular of ōsus

• osa in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

Cognate with Lithuanian ąsà.

osa f (4th declension)

1. handle (part of a cup which is held in the hand when used or moved)
2. ear (part of a cup which is held in the hand when used or moved)

From Proto-Philippine [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *isa, *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *isa, *əsa, *asa.

osa (osá)

1. one

osa

1. feeble; weak
2. cowardly

From usa, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uʀsa, compare Malay rusa.

osa

1. deer

From Proto-Bantu *-jòkia.

-osa

1. to roast, to burn

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Unknown. Related to or derived from os m (“fume, smoke; stench”).

• ose (e and split infinitives)

osa (present tense osar/oser, past tense osa/oste, past participle osa/ost, passive infinitive osast, present participle osande, imperative osa/os)

1. (intransitive) to have a strong smell, odour
2. (intransitive) to reek (av / of)
3. (intransitive, figurative) to reek (av / of) (to be evidently associated with something unpleasant)
4. (intransitive) to emit fumes, smoke

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

• osane m

osa n

1. definite plural of os

• “osa” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Already attested by Isidore of Seville in the 6th century. From Proto-Germanic *husǭ (“coverings, leggings, trousers”),^[1] from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover”). Cognate with English hose.

• IPA^(key): /ˈɔs̺a/

osa f (plural osas)

1. (usually in the plural) leggings, high boots, spat
2. (usually in the plural) a tax paid to the feudal lord when marrying

   Coordinate term: loitosa

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “osa”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔsa
• Syllabification: o‧sa

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *osa.

osa f (related adjective osi)

1. wasp (insect)

   Osa użądliła ją w udo. ― A wasp stung her in the thigh.

Back-formation from osika.

osa f (related adjective osowy)

1. (Far Masovian) Synonym of osika

• osa in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• osa in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Stanisław Ciszewski (1909) “osa”, in “Przyczynek do słownika gwary mazowieckiej”, in Prace Filologiczne (in Polish), volume 7, z. 1, Warsaw: skł. gł. w Księgarni E. Wende i Ska, page 208

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *osa.

òsa f (Cyrillic spelling о̀са)

1. wasp

• òsinjī

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *osь.

• ȏs (Croatia)

ȏsa f (Cyrillic spelling о̑са)

1. (Bosnia, Serbia) axis

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *osa.

• IPA^(key): /ˈɔsa/

osa f (related adjective osí)

1. wasp

• osička f

• “osa”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024

From Proto-Slavic *osa.

• IPA^(key): /ɔ̀ːsa/

ósa f

1. wasp (insect)

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Feminine, a-stem
nom. sing.	ôsa
gen. sing.	ôse
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	ôsa	ôsi	ôse
genitive (rodȋlnik)	ôse	ôs	ôs
dative (dajȃlnik)	ôsi	ôsama	ôsam
accusative (tožȋlnik)	ôso	ôsi	ôse
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	ôsi	ôsah	ôsah
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	ôso	ôsama	ôsami

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Feminine, a-stem, long mixed accent
nom. sing.	ôsa
gen. sing.	osé
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	ôsa	osé	osé
genitive (rodȋlnik)	osé	osá	osá
dative (dajȃlnik)	ôsi	osáma	osàm
accusative (tožȋlnik)	osó	osé	osé
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	ôsi	osàh	osàh
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	osó	osáma	osámi

• “osa”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
• “osa”, in Termania, Amebis
• See also the general references

From Proto-Bantu *-jòkia.

-osa

1. to grill, to roast, to toast

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

• IPA^(key): /ˈosa/ [ˈo.sa]
• Rhymes: -osa
• Syllabification: o‧sa

From Old Spanish ossa, from Latin ursa, feminine of ursus (“bear”).

osa f (plural osas)

1. female equivalent of oso (“bear”); she-bear, sow, female bear

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

osa

1. inflection of osar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

• “oso”, in Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy, 2023 November 28

From Proto-Bantu *-jòkia.

-ósa

1. to grill, to roast, to toast

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

From os (“bad smell”).

• IPA^(key): /²uːˌsa/

osa (present osar, preterite osade, supine osat, imperative osa)

1. to smell, to reek

   Han osade av svett

   He reeked of sweat

• osa katt

• os

osa

1. Abbreviation of om svar anhålles (“RSVP”).

• osa in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• osa in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• osa in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

• oas

• IPA^(key): /osa/

ósà

1. drum

• 
  ósà

• "Tsuut'ina Nominalized Phrases (Video)." Youtube, uploaded by AlbertaUArts, 30 May. 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_t6EdGunXLc

From Proto-Finnic *osa, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *ońća.

osa (genitive osa, partitive ossa)

1. part

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

• osakäänüs

From Proto-Bantu *-jòkia.

-osa

1. to roast, to toast, to fry
2. to roast, to grill, to admonish

Tone L
Infinitive	ukosa
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukosa	ukungosi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	yosa	-ose
Plural	yosani	-oseni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyosa, ngosa	engosayo, engosa	ngosa	angosi	engingosi	ngingosi
2nd singular	uyosa, wosa	owosayo, owosa	wosa	awosi	ongosi	ungosi
1st plural	siyosa, sosa	esosayo, esosa	sosa	asosi	esingosi	singosi
2nd plural	niyosa, nosa	enosayo, enosa	nosa	anosi	eningosi	ningosi
Class 1	uyosa, wosa	owosayo, owosa	osa	akosi	ongosi	engosi
Class 2	bayosa, bosa	abosayo, abosa	bosa	abosi	abangosi	bengosi
Class 3	uyosa, wosa	owosayo, owosa	wosa	awosi	ongosi	ungosi
Class 4	iyosa, yosa	eyosayo, eyosa	yosa	ayosi	engosi	ingosi
Class 5	liyosa, losa	elosayo, elosa	losa	alosi	elingosi	lingosi
Class 6	ayosa, osa	osayo, osa	osa	awosi	angosi	engosi
Class 7	siyosa, sosa	esosayo, esosa	sosa	asosi	esingosi	singosi
Class 8	ziyosa, zosa	ezosayo, ezosa	zosa	azosi	ezingosi	zingosi
Class 9	iyosa, yosa	eyosayo, eyosa	yosa	ayosi	engosi	ingosi
Class 10	ziyosa, zosa	ezosayo, ezosa	zosa	azosi	ezingosi	zingosi
Class 11	luyosa, losa	olosayo, olosa	losa	alosi	olungosi	lungosi
Class 14	buyosa, bosa	obosayo, obosa	bosa	abosi	obungosi	bungosi
Class 15	kuyosa, kosa	okosayo, okosa	kosa	akosi	okungosi	kungosi
Class 17	kuyosa, kosa	okosayo, okosa	kosa	akosi	okungosi	kungosi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngosile, ngosē	engosile, engosē	ngosile, ngosē	angosanga	engingosanga	ngingosanga
2nd singular	wosile, wosē	owosile, owosē	wosile, wosē	awosanga	ongosanga	ungosanga
1st plural	sosile, sosē	esosile, esosē	sosile, sosē	asosanga	esingosanga	singosanga
2nd plural	nosile, nosē	enosile, enosē	nosile, nosē	anosanga	eningosanga	ningosanga
Class 1	wosile, wosē	owosile, owosē	osile, osē	akosanga	ongosanga	engosanga
Class 2	bosile, bosē	abosile, abosē	bosile, bosē	abosanga	abangosanga	bengosanga
Class 3	wosile, wosē	owosile, owosē	wosile, wosē	awosanga	ongosanga	ungosanga
Class 4	yosile, yosē	eyosile, eyosē	yosile, yosē	ayosanga	engosanga	ingosanga
Class 5	losile, losē	elosile, elosē	losile, losē	alosanga	elingosanga	lingosanga
Class 6	osile, osē	osile, osē	osile, osē	awosanga	angosanga	engosanga
Class 7	sosile, sosē	esosile, esosē	sosile, sosē	asosanga	esingosanga	singosanga
Class 8	zosile, zosē	ezosile, ezosē	zosile, zosē	azosanga	ezingosanga	zingosanga
Class 9	yosile, yosē	eyosile, eyosē	yosile, yosē	ayosanga	engosanga	ingosanga
Class 10	zosile, zosē	ezosile, ezosē	zosile, zosē	azosanga	ezingosanga	zingosanga
Class 11	losile, losē	olosile, olosē	losile, losē	alosanga	olungosanga	lungosanga
Class 14	bosile, bosē	obosile, obosē	bosile, bosē	abosanga	obungosanga	bungosanga
Class 15	kosile, kosē	okosile, okosē	kosile, kosē	akosanga	okungosanga	kungosanga
Class 17	kosile, kosē	okosile, okosē	kosile, kosē	akosanga	okungosanga	kungosanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngōsa	engōsa	ngōsa	angosanga	engingosanga	ngingosanga
2nd singular	wōsa	owōsa	wōsa	awosanga	ongosanga	ungosanga
1st plural	sōsa	esōsa	sōsa	asosanga	esingosanga	singosanga
2nd plural	nōsa	enōsa	nōsa	anosanga	eningosanga	ningosanga
Class 1	wōsa	owōsa	ōsa	akosanga	ongosanga	engosanga
Class 2	bōsa	abōsa	bōsa	abosanga	abangosanga	bengosanga
Class 3	wōsa	owōsa	wōsa	awosanga	ongosanga	ungosanga
Class 4	yōsa	eyōsa	yōsa	ayosanga	engosanga	ingosanga
Class 5	lōsa	elōsa	lōsa	alosanga	elingosanga	lingosanga
Class 6	ōsa	ōsa	ōsa	awosanga	angosanga	engosanga
Class 7	sōsa	esōsa	sōsa	asosanga	esingosanga	singosanga
Class 8	zōsa	ezōsa	zōsa	azosanga	ezingosanga	zingosanga
Class 9	yōsa	eyōsa	yōsa	ayosanga	engosanga	ingosanga
Class 10	zōsa	ezōsa	zōsa	azosanga	ezingosanga	zingosanga
Class 11	lōsa	olōsa	lōsa	alosanga	olungosanga	lungosanga
Class 14	bōsa	obōsa	bōsa	abosanga	obungosanga	bungosanga
Class 15	kōsa	okōsa	kōsa	akosanga	okungosanga	kungosanga
Class 17	kōsa	okōsa	kōsa	akosanga	okungosanga	kungosanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingosa	—	ngingosa	ngingose	—	ngingose
2nd singular	ungosa	—	ungosa	ungose	—	ungose
1st plural	singosa	—	singosa	singose	—	singose
2nd plural	ningosa	—	ningosa	ningose	—	ningose
Class 1	angosa	—	engosa	angose	—	engose
Class 2	bangosa	—	bengosa	bangose	—	bengose
Class 3	ungosa	—	ungosa	ungose	—	ungose
Class 4	ingosa	—	ingosa	ingose	—	ingose
Class 5	lingosa	—	lingosa	lingose	—	lingose
Class 6	angosa	—	engosa	angose	—	engose
Class 7	singosa	—	singosa	singose	—	singose
Class 8	zingosa	—	zingosa	zingose	—	zingose
Class 9	ingosa	—	ingosa	ingose	—	ingose
Class 10	zingosa	—	zingosa	zingose	—	zingose
Class 11	lungosa	—	lungosa	lungose	—	lungose
Class 14	bungosa	—	bungosa	bungose	—	bungose
Class 15	kungosa	—	kungosa	kungose	—	kungose
Class 17	kungosa	—	kungosa	kungose	—	kungose
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizokosa	engizokosa	ngizokosa	angizukosa	engingezukosa	ngingezukosa
2nd singular	uzokosa	ozokosa	uzokosa	awuzukosa	ongezukosa	ungezukosa
1st plural	sizokosa	esizokosa	sizokosa	asizukosa	esingezukosa	singezukosa
2nd plural	nizokosa	enizokosa	nizokosa	anizukosa	eningezukosa	ningezukosa
Class 1	uzokosa	ozokosa	ezokosa	akazukosa	ongezukosa	engezukosa
Class 2	bazokosa	abazokosa	bezokosa	abazukosa	abangezukosa	bengezukosa
Class 3	uzokosa	ozokosa	uzokosa	awuzukosa	ongezukosa	ungezukosa
Class 4	izokosa	ezokosa	izokosa	ayizukosa	engezukosa	ingezukosa
Class 5	lizokosa	elizokosa	lizokosa	alizukosa	elingezukosa	lingezukosa
Class 6	azokosa	azokosa	ezokosa	awazukosa	angezukosa	engezukosa
Class 7	sizokosa	esizokosa	sizokosa	asizukosa	esingezukosa	singezukosa
Class 8	zizokosa	ezizokosa	zizokosa	azizukosa	ezingezukosa	zingezukosa
Class 9	izokosa	ezokosa	izokosa	ayizukosa	engezukosa	ingezukosa
Class 10	zizokosa	ezizokosa	zizokosa	azizukosa	ezingezukosa	zingezukosa
Class 11	luzokosa	oluzokosa	luzokosa	aluzukosa	olungezukosa	lungezukosa
Class 14	buzokosa	obuzokosa	buzokosa	abuzukosa	obungezukosa	bungezukosa
Class 15	kuzokosa	okuzokosa	kuzokosa	akuzukosa	okungezukosa	kungezukosa
Class 17	kuzokosa	okuzokosa	kuzokosa	akuzukosa	okungezukosa	kungezukosa
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyokosa	engiyokosa	ngiyokosa	angiyukosa	engingeyukosa	ngingeyukosa
2nd singular	uyokosa	oyokosa	uyokosa	awuyukosa	ongeyukosa	ungeyukosa
1st plural	siyokosa	esiyokosa	siyokosa	asiyukosa	esingeyukosa	singeyukosa
2nd plural	niyokosa	eniyokosa	niyokosa	aniyukosa	eningeyukosa	ningeyukosa
Class 1	uyokosa	oyokosa	eyokosa	akayukosa	ongeyukosa	engeyukosa
Class 2	bayokosa	abayokosa	beyokosa	abayukosa	abangeyukosa	bengeyukosa
Class 3	uyokosa	oyokosa	uyokosa	awuyukosa	ongeyukosa	ungeyukosa
Class 4	iyokosa	eyokosa	iyokosa	ayiyukosa	engeyukosa	ingeyukosa
Class 5	liyokosa	eliyokosa	liyokosa	aliyukosa	elingeyukosa	lingeyukosa
Class 6	ayokosa	ayokosa	eyokosa	awayukosa	angeyukosa	engeyukosa
Class 7	siyokosa	esiyokosa	siyokosa	asiyukosa	esingeyukosa	singeyukosa
Class 8	ziyokosa	eziyokosa	ziyokosa	aziyukosa	ezingeyukosa	zingeyukosa
Class 9	iyokosa	eyokosa	iyokosa	ayiyukosa	engeyukosa	ingeyukosa
Class 10	ziyokosa	eziyokosa	ziyokosa	aziyukosa	ezingeyukosa	zingeyukosa
Class 11	luyokosa	oluyokosa	luyokosa	aluyukosa	olungeyukosa	lungeyukosa
Class 14	buyokosa	obuyokosa	buyokosa	abuyukosa	obungeyukosa	bungeyukosa
Class 15	kuyokosa	okuyokosa	kuyokosa	akuyukosa	okungeyukosa	kungeyukosa
Class 17	kuyokosa	okuyokosa	kuyokosa	akuyukosa	okungeyukosa	kungeyukosa
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngose	ngingosi
2nd singular	wose	ungosi
1st plural	sose	singosi
2nd plural	nose	ningosi
Class 1	ose	angosi
Class 2	bose	bangosi
Class 3	wose	ungosi
Class 4	yose	ingosi
Class 5	lose	lingosi
Class 6	ose	angosi
Class 7	sose	singosi
Class 8	zose	zingosi
Class 9	yose	ingosi
Class 10	zose	zingosi
Class 11	lose	lungosi
Class 14	bose	bungosi
Class 15	kose	kungosi
Class 17	kose	kungosi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngosa	ngangosa, angosa, angangosa
2nd singular	wosa	wangosa, awosa, awangosa
1st plural	sosa	sangosa, asosa, asangosa
2nd plural	nosa	nangosa, anosa, anangosa
Class 1	wosa	wangosa, akosa, akangosa
Class 2	bosa	bangosa, abosa, abangosa
Class 3	wosa	wangosa, awosa, awangosa
Class 4	yosa	yangosa, ayosa, ayangosa
Class 5	losa	langosa, alosa, alangosa
Class 6	osa	angosa, awosa, awangosa
Class 7	sosa	sangosa, asosa, asangosa
Class 8	zosa	zangosa, azosa, azangosa
Class 9	yosa	yangosa, ayosa, ayangosa
Class 10	zosa	zangosa, azosa, azangosa
Class 11	losa	lwangosa, alosa, alwangosa
Class 14	bosa	bangosa, abosa, abangosa
Class 15	kosa	kwangosa, akosa, akwangosa
Class 17	kosa	kwangosa, akosa, akwangosa

• -osela (applicative)
• -osisa (causative)
• -osayosa, -osawosa (diminutive)
• -osisisa (intensive)
• -oseka (neuter-passive)
• -osiwa (passive)
• -osana (reciprocal)
• isoso

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “osa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “osa (6.3)”