nyí
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]An onomatopoeia.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]nyí
- (folksy, of dog, cat, etc.) to whimper, whine
- 1847, János Arany, Toldi,[1] canto 6, stanza 19, lines 1–4, trans.[2] by Watson Kirkconnell:
- A kutyák azonban nyíttak és szűköltek, ¶ Csúnya üvöltéssel az ajtóig jöttek, ¶ Feltápászkodtak a szolgák üggyel-bajjal, ¶ Györgyöt is fölverték a fertelmes zajjal.
- Meanwhile the beagles whined and whimpered still ¶ And even sought the door with baying shrill; ¶ The servants, with an effort, got up now; ¶ George also was awakened by the row.
- 1934, Gyula Illyés, Kutyák[3]:
- […] Arrébb a domb megett / kezdik a villák udvarán már ¶ dalukat a szelindekek. ¶ Nem ugatnak. Fejhangon nyínak. ¶ Kimondhatatlan fájdalom ¶ hosszú rongyai szakadoznak, ¶ lengnek a sötét ágakon.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1878, Zsigmond Lehr (Q1128742) (translator), William Shakespeare (author), Venus és Adonis ("Venus and Adonis"),[4] stanza 147, line 877:
- Hah! most ijedten nyínak az ebek… ¶ Fölriad erre, mint ki rút kigyót lát ¶ S megrémül ettől, borzad és remeg, ¶ Ha vészgyürűkben fekszi által útját: […]
- By this she hears the hounds are at a bay; ¶ Whereat she starts, like one that spies an adder ¶ Wreath’d up in fatal folds just in his way, ¶ The fear whereof doth make him shake and shudder; […]
- 1847, János Arany, Toldi,[1] canto 6, stanza 19, lines 1–4, trans.[2] by Watson Kirkconnell:
- (folksy, of a person) to cry
- 1936, Gyula Illyés, Galamb-ucca[5]:
- Tömött sorokban, test a test mögött / félezer férfi sóhajt, nyí, köhög / dől, mint szélfútta fa –, […]
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of nyí
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | nyívok | nyísz | nyí | nyívunk | nyítok | nyínak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | nyíttam | nyíttál | nyítt | nyíttunk | nyíttatok | nyíttak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. nyíni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | nyívék | nyívál | nyíva | nyívánk | nyívátok | nyívának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. nyí vala, nyítt vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | nyívandok | nyívandasz | nyívand | nyívandunk | nyívandotok | nyívandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | nyínék | nyínál | nyína | nyínánk | nyínátok | nyínának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. nyítt volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | nyíjak | nyíj or nyíjál |
nyíjon | nyíjunk | nyíjatok | nyíjanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. nyítt légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | nyíni | nyínom | nyínod | nyínia | nyínunk | nyínotok | nyíniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| nyívás | nyívó | nyítt | ― | nyíva (nyíván) | |||||
potential conjugation of nyí
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | nyíhatok | nyíhatsz | nyíhat | nyíhatunk | nyíhattok | nyíhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | nyíhattam | nyíhattál | nyíhatott | nyíhattunk | nyíhattatok | nyíhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | nyíhaték | nyíhatál | nyíhata | nyíhatánk | nyíhatátok | nyíhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. nyíhat vala, nyíhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | nyíhatandok or nyívandhatok | nyíhatandasz or nyívandhatsz | nyíhatand or nyívandhat | nyíhatandunk or nyívandhatunk | nyíhatandotok or nyívandhattok | nyíhatandanak or nyívandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | nyíhatnék | nyíhatnál | nyíhatna | nyíhatnánk | nyíhatnátok | nyíhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. nyíhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | nyíhassak | nyíhass or nyíhassál |
nyíhasson | nyíhassunk | nyíhassatok | nyíhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. nyíhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (nyíhatni) | (nyíhatnom) | (nyíhatnod) | (nyíhatnia) | (nyíhatnunk) | (nyíhatnotok) | (nyíhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (nyíhatva / nyíhatván) | ||||
Further reading
[edit]- nyí in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN