Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/HéHḱus

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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

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Adjective

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*HéHḱus[1][2]

  1. swift, quick

Inflection

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Athematic, proterokinetic
masculine feminine
nominative *HéHḱus *HHḱéwih₂
genitive *HHḱéws *HHḱuyéh₂s
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *HéHḱus *HéHḱuh₁(e) *HéHḱewes
vocative *HéHḱu *HéHḱuh₁(e) *HéHḱewes
accusative *HéHḱum *HéHḱuh₁(e) *HéHḱums
genitive *HHḱéws *? *HHḱéwoHom
ablative *HHḱéws *? *HHḱúmos, *HHḱúbʰos
dative *HHḱéwey *? *HHḱúmos, *HHḱúbʰos
locative *HHḱéw, *HHḱéwi *? *HHḱúsu
instrumental *HHḱúh₁ *? *HHḱúmis, *HHḱúbʰis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *HHḱéwih₂ *HHḱéwih₂h₁(e) *HHḱéwih₂es
vocative *HHḱéwih₂ *HHḱéwih₂h₁(e) *HHḱéwih₂es
accusative *HHḱéwih₂m̥ *HHḱéwih₂h₁(e) *HHḱéwih₂m̥s
genitive *HHḱuyéh₂s *? *HHḱuyéh₂oHom
ablative *HHḱuyéh₂s *? *HHḱuyéh₂mos, *HHḱuyéh₂bʰos
dative *HHḱuyéh₂ey *? *HHḱuyéh₂mos, *HHḱuyéh₂bʰos
locative *HHḱuyéh₂, *HHḱuyéh₂i *? *HHḱuyéh₂su
instrumental *HHḱuyéh₂h₁ *? *HHḱuyéh₂mis, *HHḱuyéh₂bʰis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *HéHḱu *HéHḱwih₁ *HéHḱuh₂
vocative *HéHḱu *HéHḱwih₁ *HéHḱuh₂
accusative *HéHḱu *HéHḱwih₁ *HéHḱuh₂
genitive *HHḱéws *? *HHḱéwoHom
ablative *HHḱéws *? *HHḱúmos, *HHḱúbʰos
dative *HHḱéwey *? *HHḱúmos, *HHḱúbʰos
locative *HHḱéw, *HHḱéwi *? *HHḱúsu
instrumental *HHḱúh₁ *? *HHḱúmis, *HHḱúbʰis

Alternative reconstructions

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Reconstruction notes

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  • The common reconstruction *h₁óh₁ḱus relies on an assumption that this adjective is related to *h₁éḱwos (“horse”).[6] Zair dismisses this reconstruction for requiring an unparalleled o-grade for an *-us adjective, and prefers to leave the laryngeals unknown.
  • If the *h₁óh₁ḱus is not reconstructed, then at least one of the laryngeals must be *h₃ and neither of them can be *h₂.[1][2]

Derived terms

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  • *H(é)Hḱu-péth₂r- (“swift-winged”)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • ⇒ Proto-Slavic: *astrębъ (see there for further descendants)[4]
    • Ancient Greek: ὠκύπτερος (ōkúpteros)
    • Proto-Italic: *akupetris

Descendants

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 25
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 77
  3. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1677-1678
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*às(ъ)trę̄bъ; *às(ъ)trě̄bъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 29: “m. o (a) ‘hawk’”
  5. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*dī-ākV-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 97-98
  6. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “ōcior”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 424
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