Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bangōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*bungōną, *bankōną, *bunkōną

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰen- (“to hit, strike, injure”) or *bʰe(n)g- (“to smash, break”)^[1]; ultimately onomatopoeic.

Verb

*banganą, *bangōną

to bang; pound; beat

Inflection

Conjugation of *bangōną (weak class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*bangō	*bangǭ	—	*bangōi	?
2nd singular	*bangōsi	*bangōs	*bangō	*bangōsai	*bangōsau
3rd singular	*bangōþi	*bangō	*bangōþau	*bangōþai	*bangōþau
1st dual	*bangōs	*bangōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*bangōþiz	*bangōþiz	*bangōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*bangōmaz	*bangōm	—	*bangōnþai	*bangōnþau
2nd plural	*bangōþ	*bangōþ	*bangōþ	*bangōnþai	*bangōnþau
3rd plural	*bangōnþi	*bangōn	*bangōnþau	*bangōnþai	*bangōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*bangōdǭ	*bangōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*bangōdēz	*bangōdēdīz
3rd singular	*bangōdē	*bangōdēdī
1st dual	*bangōdēdū	*bangōdēdīw
2nd dual	*bangōdēdudiz	*bangōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*bangōdēdum	*bangōdēdīm
2nd plural	*bangōdēdud	*bangōdēdīd
3rd plural	*bangōdēdun	*bangōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*bangōndz	*bangōdaz

Derived terms

*bangilaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *bangōn
- Old English: *bangian
  - Middle English: *bangen; >? bonchen, bunchen
    - English: bang
    - Scots: bang, bung
- Old Frisian: *bangia, *bongia, *bunkia, *bonkia
  - Saterland Frisian: boangje; >? bunkje
  - West Frisian: bonkje
- Old Saxon: *bangōn
  - Middle Low German: bangen; >? bunken
    - Low German: bangen, bangeln
    - → German: bangen
- >? Old Dutch: *bungon, *bonkon
  - Middle Dutch: bongen
    - Dutch: bonken
- Old High German: bangōn, *bankan, *bankōn
  - Middle High German: bangen, pangen; >? bungen
    - Alemannic German: bangen (“to bump, push, butt”)
    - German: banken (dialectal)
Old Norse: banga
- Danish: banke
  - → Faroese: banka
  - → Icelandic: banka
- Faroese: banga
- Icelandic: banga
- Norwegian Bokmål: banke
- Norwegian Nynorsk: banka, banke
- Old Swedish: bånga
  - Swedish: banka
- Elfdalian: baunka
- Gutnish: banke
- →? Middle English: *bangen
  - English: bang
  - Scots: bang, bung

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*banʒōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 35

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*banʒōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 35

[1]